This book is the result of book sharing and discussing between professor Xudong Zhao and his students . Thanks to three years of dialogues, reflection and polishing, ten chapters are initially presented as separate articles. Some chapters are published respectively and integrated into this book eventually. The book unfolds mainly from three aspects: Chinese peasants, rural society and urban-rural relations. It tries to break the urban-rural duality anticipation and explore the ideal type of urban-rural relations. The purpose is to raise the public awareness of this issue, prompt people in modern society to reflect on the ideal track of urban-rural integration and interaction, and motivate them to purse common cultural values.