高等院校旅游专业系列教材 旅游企业岗位培训系列教材 新编北京导游英语 New Edition of English for Tour Guides in Beijing 杨 昆 鄢 莉 主 编 谭明华 刘芊池 副主编 内 容 简 介 本书根据国际旅游业发展越来越注重各国各民族文化旅游的新特点，结合中华古都古迹，依照英 语导游服务场景、文化传播、工作流程、操作规范，主要介绍北京英语导游应具备的专业知识技能， 并注重职业性、交际性、互动性、实效性和实用性。 本书构思独特、结构严谨、内容翔实、图文并茂、突出实用性，并注重英语导游服务全过程应用 能力的培养，可以作为普通高等院校本科旅游管理专业的教材，同时兼顾普通高校专接本、高职、高 等教育自学考试、成人教育、以及职业教育岗位培训及参加导游员资格考试的人员。 本书封面贴有清华大学出版社防伪标签，无标签者不得销售。 版权所有，侵权必究。侵权举报电话：010-62782989 13701121933 图书在版编目（CIP）数据 新编北京导游英语 / 杨昆，鄢莉主编. —北京：清华大学出版社，2019 （高等院校旅游专业系列教材 旅游企业岗位培训系列教材） ISBN 978-7-302-52924-8 Ⅰ. ①新… Ⅱ. ①杨… ②鄢… Ⅲ. ①导游－英语－高等学校－教材 Ⅳ. ①F590.633 中国版本图书馆CIP 数据核字（2019）第083556 号 责任编辑：陆浥晨 封面设计：何凤霞 责任校对：王荣静 沈 露 责任印制： 出版发行：清华大学出版社 网 址：http://www.tup.com.cn, http://www.wqbook.com 地 址：北京清华大学学研大厦A 座 邮 编：100084 社 总 机：010-62770175 邮 购：010-62786544 投稿与读者服务：010-62776969，c-service@tup.tsinghua.edu.cn 质量反馈：010-62772015，zhiliang@tup.tsinghua.edu.cn 印 刷 订 者： 经 销：全国新华书店 装者：北京市密云县京文制本装订厂 北京富博印刷有限公司 开 本：185mm×260mm 印 张：15.25 字 数：341 千字 版 次：2019 年7 月第1 版 印 次：2019 年7 月第1 次印刷 定 价：49.00 元 产品编号：068224-01 旅游系列教材编审委员会 主 任：牟惟仲 副 主 任：林 征 冀俊杰 张昌连 王 琦 车亚军 张建国 田小梅 李大军 编审委员：侯 佳 黄中军 贾晓龙 时永春 杨 昆 赵立群 吕亚非 蔡洪胜 张冬冬 钟丽娟 童 俊 巩玉环 谭明华 马继兴 李 伟 张武超 梁艳智 王丽飞 蔡丽伟 李月瑾 总 编：李大军 副 主 编：杨 昆 赵立群 贾晓龙 马继兴 专 家 组：武裕生 黄中军 时永春 钟丽娟 序 言 随着我国改革开放进程加快和国民经济的高速发展，交通和通信技术的不断进步， 旅游景区维护、旅游文化挖掘，以及宾馆酒店设施设备的不断完善提高，居民收入和闲 暇时间增多，旅游日益成为现代社会人们主要的生活方式和社会经济活动。大众化旅游 时代已经到来，旅游业也以其强劲的发展势头成为极具活力的绿色朝阳产业。旅游作为 现代服务文化创意型产业的核心支柱，在国际交往、商务活动、文化交流、拉动内需、 解决就业、促进经济发展、丰富社会生活、构建和谐社会、弘扬中华文化等方面发挥着 越来越大的作用，因而成为我国服务经济的重要产业。 2016 年 1—6 月，我国旅游市场规模稳步扩大，继续领跑宏观经济：国内旅游 22.36 亿人次，比上年同期增长 10.47%；入出境旅游 1.27 亿人次，增长 4.1%。目前我国是全 球第四大入境旅游接待国和亚洲最大的出境旅游客源国，旅游业对 GDP 综合贡献占 GDP 总量的 10%左右，旅游直接和间接就业 8000 万人，占全国就业总人口的 10%以上。 2016 年 12 月，国务院印发了《“十三五”旅游业发展规划》，规划确定了“十三五” 时期旅游业发展的总体思路、基本目标、主要任务和保障措施，是未来五年我国旅游业 发展的行动纲领和基本遵循，为我国的旅游业发展指明了方向。 规划指出“十三五”期间我国旅游业发展要实现四大目标。一是旅游经济稳步增长， 城乡居民出游人数年均增长 10%左右，旅游总收入年均增长 11%以上，旅游直接投资年 均增长 14%以上，到 2020 年旅游市场总规模达到 67 亿人次，旅游投资总额 2 万亿元， 旅游业总收入达到 7 万亿元。二是综合效益显著提升，旅游业对国民经济的综合贡献度 达 12%以上。三是人民群众更加满意，旅游交通更为便捷，旅游公共服务更加健全，带 薪休假制度加快落实，市场秩序显著好转，文明旅游蔚然成风，旅游环境更加优美，“厕 所革命”取得显著成效。四是国际影响力大幅提升，入境旅游持续增长，出境旅游健康 发展，与旅游业发达国家的差距明显缩小。 当前随着全球旅游业的快速发展，旅游观念、产品、营销方式、运营方式及管理手 段等都在发生着巨大的变化，面对国际旅游业激烈的市场竞争，旅游行业的在职从业员 工急需更新观念、提高服务技能、提升业务与道德素质，旅游行业和企业也在呼唤“有 知识、懂管理、会操作、能执行”的专业实用型人才；加强旅游经营管理模式的创新， IV 加速旅游经营管理专业技能型人才培养已成为当前亟待解决的问题。 针对我国高等教育旅游管理专业知识老化、教材陈旧、重理论轻实践、缺乏实际操 作技能训练等问题，为适应社会就业发展，为满足日益增长的旅游市场需求，我们组织 多年从事旅游教学实践的国内知名专家、教授及旅游企业经理，共同精心编撰了此套教 材，旨在迅速提高大学生和旅游从业者的专业素质，更好地服务于我国旅游事业。本套 教材根据大学旅游管理专业教学大纲和课程设置，包括《北京导游英语》《旅游英语》《旅 游职业道德与法规》等教材。 本套书作为应用型大学旅游管理专业的特色教材，融入了旅游管理的最新教学理念， 坚持科学发展观，力求严谨，注重与时俱进，在吸收国内外旅游界权威专家、学者的最 新科研成果的基础上，依照旅游活动的基本过程和规律，全面贯彻国家新近颁布实施的 旅游法律法规和旅游业管理规定，按照旅游企业用人需求模式，结合解决学生就业、注 重校企结合、贴近行业企业业务实际，强化理论与实践的紧密结合，注重管理方法、管 理能力、实践技能与岗位应用的培养训练，采取通过实证案例解析与知识讲解的写法， 严守统一的创新型格式化体例设计，并注重教学内容和教材结构的创新。 旅游管理专业系列教材的出版，对学生尽快熟悉旅游操作规程与业务管理，毕业后 顺利走上社会就业具有重要意义。 牟惟仲 前 言 旅游作为文化创意产业的核心支柱，在国际交往、文化交流、拉动内需、解决就业、 丰富社会生活、促进经济发展、构建和谐社会、弘扬中华文化等方面发挥着越来越大的 作用，旅游业已成为我国服务经济发展的重要产业，在我国经济发展中占有极其重要的 位置。为了加快推动旅游业的发展，国务院发布了《关于加快发展旅游业的意见》，这是 党中央和中国政府的伟大战略决策。 英语作为国际旅行的通用语言和主要交际工具，旅游从业人员的英语应用水平直 接影响着我国旅游业的发展速度与服务质量。为了满足日益增长的旅游市场需求，培 养社会急需的既有丰富旅游专业知识，又有过硬外语水平的专业人才，我们组织全国 多所高等院校的长年从事北京导游英语教学和实践活动的专家教授，精心编写了此教 材，旨在迅速提高大学生和旅行社导游从业者的专业英语应用水平，更好地服务于我 国的旅游事业。 北京旅游景点导游英语是大学本科旅游管理专业的核心课程，也是导游从业者必须 掌握的关键技能。本书作为普通高等教育旅游管理专业的特色教材，坚持科学发展观， 严格按照教育部“加强职业教育、突出实践技能培养”的要求，针对大学旅游英语教学 要求和职业能力培养目标，采用任务制、模块化组合、实例教学方式，注重强化听力、 口语、阅读、翻译训练。本书的出版对学生尽快熟悉北京旅游景点英语导游服务业务要 求、顺利从事旅游职业岗位工作具有特殊意义。 全书共分 15 个单元，以学习者应用能力培养为主线，根据国际旅游业发展越来越注 重各国各民族文化旅游的新特点，结合中华古都、历史名城、名胜古迹游览，依照北京 旅游景点英语导游服务场景、文化传播、工作流程、操作规范，主要介绍北京英语导游 应具备的专业知识和技能，并突出“职业性、交际性、互动性、实效性和实用性”，注重 语言技能与职业技能结合，体现了“在做中学”的教学理念。 由于本书融入了北京导游英语最新的实践教学理念，力求严谨，注重与时俱进，突 出“以任务为导向，以学生为核心”的教育模式，注重从业就业能力实训，因此本书既 可作为普通高等院校本科旅游管理专业的首选教材，同时兼顾专升本、高职、高等教育 自学考试、成人教育教学，也可以用于旅行社从业者在职岗位培训，并为参加导游资格 VI 取证考试提供辅导。 本书由李大军总体筹划并具体组织，杨昆和鄢莉主编，杨昆统改稿，谭明华、刘芊 池为副主编，由黄中军教授审定。作者编写分工：牟惟仲（序言），杨昆（第 1 单元、第 2 单元、第 3 单元），鄢莉（第 4 单元、第 6 单元），谭明华（第 5 单元、第 7 单元），张 凤霞（第 8 单元），刘芊池（第 9 单元、第 14 单元），梁艳智（第 10 单元），韩燕燕（第 11 单元），邹蓉（第 12 单元），张翠玲（第 13 单元、附录），王乃换（第 15 单元）；华 燕萍（文字和版式修改），李晓新（制作教学课件），郑毅、商磊（音频录制）。 在教材编著过程中，我们参阅了大量北京导游英语的最新书刊资料、网络信息，以 及国家新颁布实施的旅游管理法律和规章制度，并得到业内有关专家教授和旅游业务经 理的具体指导，在此一并致谢。为了方便教师教学和学生学习，本书还配有教学课件， 读者可以从清华大学出版社网站（www.tup.com.cn）免费下载使用。因作者水平有限， 书中粗疏浅陋之处在所难免，敬请专家和读者批评指正。 编 者 Contents 目 录 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport ···································································· 1 Learning Goals ················································································································· 1 Lead-in ····························································································································· 1 Situational Conversations ································································································· 3 Conversation 1. Meeting a Tour Group at the Airport ················································ 3 Conversation 2. Meeting a Tourist at the Airport ······················································· 3 Useful Expressions ···································································································· 4 Reading····························································································································· 5 The Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport ············································ 5 Culture Salon ···················································································································· 8 A Survey of China ····································································································· 8 Exercises ························································································································· 10 Tips for Tour Guides ······································································································· 11 How to Deal with the Checked Baggage Losses (Inbound Flight) ··························· 11 Unit Two Services En Route ································································································ 13 Learning Goals ··············································································································· 13 Lead-in ··························································································································· 13 Situational Conversations ······························································································· 14 Conversation 1. On the Way to the Hotel (I) ··························································· 14 Conversation 2. On the Way to the Hotel (II) ·························································· 16 Useful Expressions ·································································································· 18 Reading··························································································································· 19 The Profile of Beijing ····························································································· 20 Culture Salon ·················································································································· 21 Confucianism—the Essence of Traditional Chinese Culture ··································· 21 Exercises ························································································································· 23 Tips for Tour Guides ······································································································· 24 How to Arrange the Shopping for the Tourists ························································ 24 VIII Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service ·············································································· 26 Learning Goals ··············································································································· 26 Lead-in ··························································································································· 26 Situational Conversations ······························································································· 28 Conversation 1. Check-in at a Hotel ········································································ 28 Conversation 2. Introduce Hotel Services and Facilities ·········································· 29 Useful Expressions ·································································································· 30 Reading··························································································································· 33 Chinese Culinary Art ······························································································· 33 Culture Salon ·················································································································· 35 Four Main Cuisines in China··················································································· 35 Exercises ························································································································· 37 Tips for Tour Guides ······································································································· 38 How to Deal with the Tourists’ Requests for Changing Food ·································· 38 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square ··························· 39 Learning Goals ··············································································································· 39 Lead-in ··························································································································· 39 Situational Conversations ······························································································· 41 Conversation 1. Tian’anmen Rostrum ····································································· 41 Conversation 2. Tian’anmen Square ········································································ 43 Useful Expressions ·································································································· 46 Reading··························································································································· 48 Commentary of Tian’anmen Square ········································································ 48 Culture Salon ·················································································································· 50 Yin-Yang and Five Elements ··················································································· 50 Exercises ························································································································· 52 Tips for Tour Guides ······································································································· 54 How to Deal with the Tourists’ Passport Missing ···················································· 54 Unit Five The Palace Museum— The Tour of Imperial Palace ········································ 55 Learning Goals ··············································································································· 55 Lead-in ··························································································································· 55 Situational Conversations ······························································································· 58 Conversation 1. The Meridian Gate ········································································· 58 Conversation 2. The Symbolism of the Architecture in the Palace Museum ············ 60 Useful Expressions ·································································································· 63 Reading··························································································································· 64 The Outer Court and Inner Palace ··········································································· 64 Culture Salon ·················································································································· 68 Fengshui and the Traditional Chinese Architectures ················································ 68 IX 目 录 Exercises ························································································································· 69 Tips for Tour Guides ······································································································· 71 How to Deal with the Tourists’ Getting Lost during Sightseeing ····························· 71 Unit Six The Summer Palace—The Tour of Imperial Garden ········································· 72 Learning Goals ··············································································································· 72 Lead-in ··························································································································· 72 Situational Conversations ······························································································· 75 Conversation 1. The Palace Area ············································································· 75 Conversation 2. The Front Hill Area ······································································· 78 Useful Expressions ·································································································· 82 Reading··························································································································· 83 The Kunming Lake ································································································· 83 Culture Salon ·················································································································· 85 Chinese Gardens ····································································································· 85 Exercises ························································································································· 87 Tips for Tour Guides ······································································································· 89 How to Prevent Tourists from Getting Lost during Sightseeing ······························· 89 Unit Seven The Temple of Heaven—The Tour of Imperial Altar and Temple ················ 90 Learning Goals ··············································································································· 90 Lead-in ··························································································································· 90 Situational Conversations ······························································································· 93 Conversation 1. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests ··········································· 93 Conversation 2. The Imperial Vault of Heaven ························································ 95 Useful Expressions ·································································································· 97 Reading··························································································································· 99 The Circular Mound Altar ······················································································· 99 Culture Salon ················································································································ 101 Symbolism and Traditional Chinese Architectures ················································ 101 Exercises ······················································································································· 103 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 105 How to Deal with the Sick Tourists During the Sightseeing ·································· 105 Unit Eight The Great Wall—The Longest Defensive Project ········································· 106 Learning Goals ············································································································· 106 Lead-in ························································································································· 106 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 108 Conversation 1. The Great Wall at Badaling ·························································· 108 Conversation 2. The Construction of the Great Wall ············································· 109 Useful Expressions ································································································ 110 Reading························································································································· 111 X The Legend of Meng Jiangnv ················································································ 111 Culture Salon ················································································································ 112 The Art of War and Chinese Military Thought ······················································· 112 Exercises ······················································································································· 113 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 115 How to Deal with the Injured Tourists during the Sightseeing ······························· 115 Unit Nine The Ming Tombs—The Tour of Imperial Tombs ··········································· 116 Learning Goals ············································································································· 116 Lead-in ························································································································· 116 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 118 Conversation 1. The Sacred Way of the Ming Tombs ············································ 118 Conversation 2. Changling (Emperor Yongle’s Tomb) ·········································· 120 Useful Expressions ································································································ 122 Reading························································································································· 124 The Underground Palace of Dingling ···································································· 124 Culture Salon ················································································································ 127 Imperial Mausoleum Architecture and Feng Shui ·················································· 127 Exercises ······················································································································· 128 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 129 How to Deal with a Traffic Accident during the Tour ············································ 129 Unit Ten Beijing’s Olympic Venues—The Tour of Beijing Olympics ···························· 131 Learning Goals ············································································································· 131 Lead-in ························································································································· 131 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 133 Conversation 1. National Stadium—Bird’s Nest ··················································· 133 Conversation 2. National Aquatics Center — Water Cube ····································· 135 Useful Expressions ································································································ 138 Reading························································································································· 139 Olympic Green ······································································································ 139 Culture Salon ················································································································ 141 Chinese Dragon Culture ························································································ 141 Exercises ······················································································································· 143 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 144 How to Deal with a Fire Accident during the Group’s Stay in a Hotel ··················· 144 Unit Eleven The Tour of Hutongs in Beijing ···································································· 145 Learning Goals ············································································································· 145 Lead-in ························································································································· 145 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 146 Conversation 1. Hutong Tour in Shichahai Area ···················································· 146 XI 目 录 Conversation 2. The Mansion of Prince Gong ······················································· 148 Useful Expressions ································································································ 151 Reading························································································································· 152 Hutong and Siheyuan in Beijing ············································································ 152 Culture Salon ················································································································ 154 Peking Opera ········································································································ 154 Exercises ······················································································································· 156 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 157 How to Deal with the Tourists’ Complaint about Poor Service ······························ 157 Unit Twelve The Tour of Museums in Beijing·································································· 158 Learning Goals ············································································································· 158 Lead-in ························································································································· 158 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 160 Conversation 1. The Capital Museum ··································································· 160 Conversation 2. The Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site·············································· 161 Useful Expressions ································································································ 165 Reading························································································································· 166 The National Museum of China ············································································ 166 Culture Salon ················································································································ 169 Chinese Traditional Festivals ················································································ 169 Exercises ······················································································································· 172 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 174 How to Deal with the Tourists’ Quitting Group during the Trip ····························· 174 Unit Thirteen The Tour of Culture and Art in Beijing ···················································· 175 Learning Goals ············································································································· 175 Lead-in ························································································································· 175 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 177 Conversation 1. Liulichang Cultural Street ···························································· 177 Conversation 2. Nanluoguxiang ············································································ 178 Useful Expressions ································································································ 180 Reading························································································································· 182 The 798 Art District ······························································································ 182 Culture Salon ················································································································ 184 Temple Fairs in Beijing ························································································· 184 Exercises ······················································································································· 186 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 188 How to Deal with Missing Tourists upon their Arrival at the Airport····················· 188 Unit Fourteen The Tour of Religious Art and Culture in Beijing ·································· 190 Learning Goals ············································································································· 190 XII Lead-in ························································································································· 190 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 193 Conversation 1. The Lama Temple ········································································ 193 Conversation 2. The Confucius Temple and the Imperial College ························· 196 Useful Expressions ································································································ 199 Reading························································································································· 201 The White Cloud Temple and Taoism ··································································· 202 Culture Salon ················································································································ 204 Religions in China ································································································· 204 Exercises ······················································································································· 206 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 208 How to Receive Religious Tourists ······································································· 208 Unit Fifteen Sending Tourists Off ····················································································· 209 Learning Goals ············································································································· 209 Lead-in ························································································································· 209 Situational Conversations ····························································································· 211 Conversation 1. Checking Out at a Hotel ······························································ 211 Conversation 2. Sending Guests Off at the Airport ················································ 211 Conversation 3. Checking in at the Airport ··························································· 212 Useful Expressions ································································································ 213 Reading························································································································· 215 Farewell Speeches ································································································· 215 Culture Salon ················································································································ 217 Chinese Zodiac ····································································································· 217 Exercises ······················································································································· 219 Tips for Tour Guides ····································································································· 220 How to Deal with the Incident of Missing the Airplane ········································· 220 Emperors of the Ming Dynasty ···························································································· 222 Emperors of the Qing Dynasty ····························································································· 223 Terminology of Guiding Service ··························································································· 224 Reference ································································································································ 229 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport In this Unit, you will learn to Be a qualified tour guide Prepare for receiving a new tour group Receive guests at the airport Introduce the T3 airport briefly Deal with the checked baggage losses I. Look at the items in the pictures, which a tour guide has to carry when he or she goes to meet guests at the airport. Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the help of the pictures. When receiving a tour group, the guide should always wear his/her tour guide ___1___ and carry with him/her a copy of certificate, ___2___, copies of the insurance, various vouchers for settlement, a ___3___ with tour group’s name, a megaphone, business cards. If there are more than 10 members in a group, the guide should prepare a ___4___ of travel agency. 2 II. Listen to the passage about the obligations of a tour guide, and fill in the blanks with the missing words you have heard from the CD. During escorting tourists on their travels, a tour guide not only provides them with ____1____, but also does a wide range of tasks. First of all, a tour guide’s job scope is broad, including various tasks, such as meeting and ____2____, checking in and checking out, arranging food and accommodation, providing en route services, giving tour advice, dealing with ___3____and emergencies, doing pre-tour and post-tour jobs. In addition, tour guides act as educators, instructors and ____4____ experts in local and national history, culture and other nature science and humanities. Next, a guide is the representative of a travel agency. He or she will help shape the first impression to visitors. His or her quality of service contributes to the building of corporate ____5____ and the promotion of tourism resources. Finally, meeting people from all over the world and with various cultural backgrounds, a guide is committed to acting as a folk ambassador, and to letting more foreign guests enhance their ____6____ about China and Chinese people. III. Read the following terms and the job descriptions. Match the term with correct job. The Local Guide He/She is assigned by the travel service to organize the tour group. He/She accompanies the tour group from the passengers’ point of departure to their safe return, and supervises the implementation of contract by the local agency. The National Guide He/She is assigned by the travel service at the tourist destination. He/She is in charge of the liaison work for the inbound tour group and supervises the implementation of contract by the local agency. The Tour Leader (The Tour Escort) He/She is assigned by the local travel agency. He/She meets the tourists and provides the local guiding service. voucher ['vaut..]. . . . . n. 证件；凭单 megaphone ['meg.f.un]. . . . n. 扩音器；话筒 escort ['esk.:t]. n. 陪同；护送 emergency [i'm.:d..nsi]. n. 紧急情况；突然事件 humanity [hju:'m.niti]. n. 人性；人道 ambassador [.m'b.s.d.]. n. 大使；使节 3 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport travel agency 旅行社 en route services 途中服务 The Local Guide 地陪 The National Guide 全陪 The Tour Leader (The Tour Escort) 领队 Conversation 1. Meeting a Tour Group at the Airport Wang Yi, a professional guide from the China International Travel Service Head Office, is to meet a tour group from the United States at the Terminal 3, the Beijing Capital International Airport. Now, Mr. Smith, the tour leader is walking to Wang Yi. (A: Wang Yi B: Mr. Smith) A: Hello, I’m John Smith, the tour leader of Sunny Tour. I see the sign you are holding, so I think you are the one we’re looking for. B: Yes, Mr. Smith. Absolutely right. I’m Wang Yi, the guide from CITS Beijing Branch. Nice to meet you! A: Nice to meet you too. Sorry to have kept you waiting. We have brought much luggage with us. So it took us quite a while to go through all the formalities. My members are all here. B: We have a group of 15, right? A: That’s right. Attention please, everyone. Here is our guide Wang Yi. Please say “hello”. B: Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing. Our coach is waiting outside. Please check your baggage again. A: Ok. We are ready. Shall we go now? B: All right. Ladies and gentlemen, go this way, please! Conversation 2. Meeting a Tourist at the Airport The tour guide Wang Yi is at the airport to meet Ms. Rose, a tourist from the United States. (A: Wang Yi B: Ms. Rose) A: Excuse me, madam. Are you Ms. Rose from the United States? B: Yes, I am. Are you the tour guide from CITS？ A: You are right, madam. I am Wang Yi, your local guide. Welcome to Beijing, Ms. Rose. Nice to meet you. B: Nice to meet you too. A: How was your trip? It was quite a long flight. 4 B: Generally, it was smooth. By the way, could you tell me where the toilet is? A: On the left of the telephone booth. You won’t miss it! B: Please take care of my baggage. They are on the trolley, two pieces of them. A: Sure. I will stay right here. See you later. terminal ['t.:minl]. n. 航站楼 formality [f.:'m.liti]. n. 手续（复数：formalities） coach [k.ut.]. n. 旅游巴士 baggage ['b.gid.]. n. 行李 trolley telephone booth ['tr.li]. n. 行李推车 电话亭 CITS 中国国际旅行社 Useful Expressions 1. Meeting and greeting first time a. Hello, sir. Nice to meet you! b. Good morning, madam. How do you do? c. Hi, Mr. Smith. I’m glad to see you. 2. Starting up a conversation a. Excuse me, aren’t you Kim Brown? b. Excuse my asking, but are you Kim Brown? 3. Introducing oneself a. Hi, everyone. I’m Wang Yi, your local guide. b. How do you do? My name is Wang Yi. c. May I introduce myself? I am Wang Yi. d. Please let me introduce myself: Wang Yi, the guide from CITS. e. Allow me to introduce myself: Wang Yi from CITS. 4. Draw attention a. Attention, please. b. Pay attention, please. 5 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport c. Let me have your attention, please. d. May I have your attention, please? Flashback 1. Being a tour guide, what do you need to take when meeting a tour group at the airport? 2. What are the differences of obligations for a local guide, a national guide and a tour leader? Pre-reading questions 1. Have you ever been to the Beijing Capital International Airport? How many terminals are there? 2. What are the sections of the airport in the following pictures? _____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ The Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport Ladies and gentlemen, Now, we are at the Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), currently the second largest airport passenger terminal building of the world, next to Dubai International Airport’s Terminal 3, and one of the modern architectural icons in Beijing, as famous as the “Bird’s Nest” and the “Water Cube”. 6 Construction of Terminal 3 started on March 28, 2004, and was fully opened on March 26, 2008. The terminal-building complex covered about a million square meters in total floor area at its opening, which is of the same size of 170 football fields. With 137 runways and 314 docks for planes as large as the Airbus A380, the new terminal was designed to raise the airport’s capacity from 35 million to 82 million passengers per year. The core parts of the Terminal 3 include two ‘Y’ shape passenger buildings, which are named T3C and T3E, a finger shape passenger building T3D between T3C and T3E, and a Ground Transportation Center (GTC) connected to T3C. The names of T3A and T3B are not used in Terminal 3, in order to prevent the confusion with the original two terminal buildings. T3C, dedicated for international and domestic passenger check-in, domestic departure and arrival, is the main passenger building with five floors above ground and two floors underground. The first floor is the baggage processing hall; the second floor is used for domestic arrival, baggage claim, and transferring to T3D and T3E through an automated people mover (APM); the third floor is used for domestic departure; the fourth floor is used for international and domestic check-in, and the fifth floor is used for commercial usage. Both international and domestic departure passengers get access to the airport through the fourth floor of T3C. A total number of eleven check-in stations, with 292 counters altogether, lie parallel from east to west, assigned to different airlines. Therefore, all the departure passengers can check in once they arrive at the airport. However, do not take it for granted that you can check in and board a plane at last minute, because the required latest check-in time for domestic departure is about 45 minutes before scheduled departure time, and about 60 minutes for international departure. T3E is a ‘Y’ shaped midfield concourse. The first floor is the ramp; the second floor is for international departure, the custom and APM station; and the third floor is for international arrival. T3D is an extended finger of T3C, with a gross floor area of 91,000 square meters. It is now used for international departure and arrival with a similar arrangement with that of the T3E. The design proposal of Terminal 3 of BCIA was at the hands of an UK architectural master, Norman Forster. Foster linked together elements of traditional and modern design by 7 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport using striking, elegant red columns, a nine dragon screen and a muted gold roof combined with masses of glass and steel. From the air the terminal is reported to resemble a dragon as it stretches about 3.25 km in length. The use of traditional elements from imperial palaces, temples and gardens cleverly ensures Beijing and China’s history is not forgotten as well as providing travelers with an experience they will find in no other airport around the world. 1. Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport 北京首都国际机场第三航站楼 2. modern architectural icon 现代建筑的典范 3. the “Bird’s Nest” “鸟巢” 4. the “Water Cube” “水立方” 5. the terminal-building complex 航站楼建筑群 6. runways 飞机跑道 7. dock 停机位 8. domestic passengers 国内旅客 9. …by using striking, elegant red columns, a nine dragon screen and a muted gold roof combined with masses of glass and steel ……通过既醒目又典雅的金顶红柱、九龙壁与大面积的玻璃和钢材的结合 10. imperial palaces 皇宫 Flashback 1. Fill in the blanks with the information you have learnt from the reading above. a. Beijing Capital International Airport has _________ terminals. b. The Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport is the ________ biggest terminal in the world. c. It is planned the Terminal 3’s capacity will be up to ________ million passengers per year. d. Terminal 3 consists of _________ functional areas. __________ is for domestic flights. e. Passengers will directly travel to downtown Beijing from all three terminals by ____________. 8 f. The Terminal 3 of BCIT was designed by a consortium of NACO (Netherlands Airport Consultants B.V), and UK Architect ___________. g. The Terminal 3 of BCIT looks like a huge _________ overseeing from the sky, forming a kind of exciting architectural patterns that will make one’s journey astonishing no matter inside or outside of the building. 2. Make a brief introduction about the Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport. A Survey of China China is an ancient, mysterious country, with a distinctive system of literature, philosophy, art, and political system that has long been recognized as a unique civilization in the world throughout thousands of years. With the rapid growth and development of economy and tourism since china’s reform and opening-up to the outside world in 1979, particularly the success of holding the Olympic Games in 2008, an ever-increasing number of overseas visitors are coming to China to experience this oriental country both old and young. China is situated in the eastern part of Asia, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has a total land area of 9.6 million square kilometers, next only to Russia and Canada. China’s continental coastline extends for about 18,000 kilometers, and its vast sea surface is studded with more than 5,000 islands, of which Taiwan and Hainan are the largest. China’s land drops off in high mountains eastward to the ocean, letting in humid air current and leading many rivers eastward. Among the rivers totaling 220,000 kilometers in length in China, the Changjiang (Yangtze) and the Huanghe (Yellow River) are world known. The highlands and hilly regions account for 65 percent of the country’s total land mass. The highest mountain peak is Qomolangma (Everest), the highest in the world, 8,848 meters above sea level. China is characterized by a continental climate. The latitude spans nearly 50 degrees. The greater part of the Chinese territory is situated in the Temperate Zone, its southern part in the Tropical and Subtropical Zones, and its northern part near the Frigid Zone. Temperatures differ, therefore, rather strikingly across the country. China, as the world’s most populous country, has a population exceeding 1.39 billion by the end of 2017, which makes up almost a fifth of the total population in the world. To bring population growth under control, the country has followed a family planning policy since the 9 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport 1970s. China is a multi-racial country with 56 ethnic groups. Apart from the Han nationality, the other 55 ethnic groups, with a total of more than 96.5 million people, constitute roughly 8.04% of the total population. In the long course of its development, all the nationalities have joined in the effort to create the great culture that China represents. China is a multi-religious country, where Taoism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity are practiced. Freedom of belief is a government policy, and normal religious activities are protected by the constitution. China is divided into 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Government, and 2 special administrative regions. The Capital of the People’s Republic of China is Beijing. The official language is Chinese. China, with a recorded history of 5,000 years, was one of the world’s earliest civilizations. Like other nations, China passed through the stages of primitive society, slavery society, and feudal society. In the 21 century B.C., China established a slave society with the founding of the Xia Dynasty, hence putting an end to the years of primitive society. In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang established China’s first centralized autocracy, the Qin Dynasty, thereby ushering Chinese history into feudalism, which endured in a succession of dynasties until the Opium War of 1840. The Bourgeois Democratic Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, putting an end to more than 2,000 years of feudal monarchical system. The People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949. Today, China is implementing reform and opening-up polices, and has established a socialist market economy. “China, my beloved motherland, is a country both old and young.” Wen Jiabao, the former Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, introduced China at the University of Cambridge, “She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years. While she is young, because the People’s Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.” This is the real portrait of China today. Flashback 1. Introduce China briefly, including geographic position, area, population and administrative divisions. 2. Do you know the four great Chinese inventions? What are they? 3. Do you know the symbolism of China’s National Flag and National Emblem? Read the following passage and fill in the blanks. The flag of the People’s Republic of China is red in color and it has five yellow stars. The color red symbolizes the spirit of the revolution, and the five stars signify the unity of the 10 people of China under the leadership of the_______________. The flag first went up in Tian’anmen Square on _______________, 1949, upon the formal announcement that People’s Republic of China was founded. The design of the national emblem of the People’s Republic of China, published by the Central People’s Government on September 20, 1950, shows Tian’anmen under the light of five stars, and it is framed with stalks of wheat and rice and a mechanical gear. Tian’anmen is the symbol of modern China because the __________________ of 1919, which marked the beginning of the new-democratic revolution in China, was launched there. It is also the place where the inauguration of the People’s Republic of China was held. The mechanical gear and the stalks of wheat and rice represent the ______________ and the peasantry respectively, and the five stars symbolize the great unity of the various nationalities of China. The emblem clearly indicates that People’s Republic of China is a socialist state led by the working class and based on the alliance of the workers and the peasants. Listen to the passage about receiving the tourists at the airport. Then read the following activities that a tour guide should do, and find out the right order. ____ Asking the tourists if they need to wash their hands. ____ Going to pick up the luggage with tourists. ____ Leading the tourists to the bus outside. ____ Meeting the tour leader. ____ Confirming the number of tourists again before getting on the bus. ____ Saying “hello” to all tourists. ____ Making sure the number of tourists. Do you agree with the following statements? If not, please give your answer. 1. English proficiency is a powerful tool for tour guides. 11 Unit One Meeting Guests at the Airport 2. Security of tourists is not always the most important issue. 3. A tour guide should arrive at the airport 15 minutes prior to the expected arriving time. 4. The travel service doesn’t cover the guide’s transportation costs. 5. Tour guides’ income depends greatly on the commission and tips of each tour. 6. The guide should stand by the door and have a headcount silently, when tourists getting on the coach. 7. Receiving the tourists, a tour guide should meet the tour group, and contact the tour leader to check the name, code of the tour group and the number of tourists. 8. Receiving the tourists is the second step in guiding job. 9. It doesn’t matter for a guide to smoke on tour. 10. A tour guide must be keen on details. 1. 欢迎来中国，我非常高兴您能不远万里从美国而来。 2. 您的到来是我的荣幸。 3. 长途飞行之后，您一定很疲惫。 4. I’m afraid some members are still going through the entry and customs formalities and other may need to go to the toilet. Could we stand here and wait for them? How to Deal with the Checked Baggage Losses (Inbound Flight) Although the airlines should bear the whole responsibility in this case, the tour guide is committed to do as following: * Accompany the tourist who has lost the baggage to the lost and found department and fill out the claims form for lost articles. The tourist has to provide his plane ticket, boarding pass and baggage claim ticket, and state the departure airport, pieces of baggage and special markings on it, if possible. * Inform the lost and found department of the name of the hotel the tourist is going to stay, its telephone number, the tourist’s name and his/her room number (if already known) in that hotel as well as the office of the travel agency so that the tourist can be notified if the lost baggage is found. * Note down the telephone number of the baggage claim section, names of contact persons and the office address and telephone number of the airlines. 12 * Check frequently during the trip. In case the baggage cannot be found, the tour guide should help the tourist purchase daily necessities. * If the baggage is not yet found shortly before leaving Beijing, the tour guide should help inform the airlines of the name of the travel agency, the entire travel route and the names of the hotels the group is likely to stay, so that the lost baggage can be transported to the most appropriate place when it is found. * If the baggage does get lost, the tourist can claim for compensation from the airlines. Unit Two Services En Route In this Unit, you will learn to Deliver a welcome speech Make a brief introduction to Beijing Make a brief introduction to the attractions on the way Make a reasonable adjustment of the travel itinerary Arrange a shopping for the tourists I. What should a local guide do during his first on-the-way introduction? II. What should the first (on-the-way) introduction include? III. Listen to a welcome speech delivered by a tour guide. Then fill in the blanks with the missing information you have heard from the CD. Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to Beijing, the capital city of People’s Republic of China! Please allow me to introduce my ___1___, Mr. Deng. He is our driver, and he has got 15 years of driving experience. He will drive us in the next 3 days. Please remember his bus number, N334455. Once again, N334455. My name is Wang Yi. I’m your ____2____ from China International Travel Service, Beijing Branch. I’ll be with you during your 3-day tour in Beijing and we’ll be ____3____ at any time. We’ll do everything possible to make your visit a pleasant experience. If you have any questions or suggestions, please don’t hesitate to let us know. The hotel where you stay is the Beijing Hotel. It offers the best services in this city. We 14 shall meet at the hotel lobby at 8:30 a.m. for our first visit tomorrow. We hope you’ll _____4____ in Beijing. Hesitate ['heziteit]. v. 犹豫做某事 Lobby ['l.bi]. n. 饭店大堂 China International Travel Service 中国国际旅行社 Beijing Branch 北京分社 Conversation 1. On the Way to the Hotel (I) It is an evening. Wang Yi, a professional guide from the China International Travel Service Head Office, and a tour group from the United States are heading for the Beijing Hotel, their destination, from the Beijing Capital International Airport. (A: Wang Yi B: Tour Leader ) B: Hi, Wang Yi. We are all on the bus. Shall we go now? A: Yes, sir. We will go straight to the Beijing Hotel. Now, I’d like to deliver a welcome speech to you and your group. B: Ok, thank you. Go ahead. A: (Talk to the tourists on the coach) Ladies and gentlemen, may I draw your attention? Please sit back and relax. Now, on behalf of China International Travel Service Head Office, I’d like to extend our warmest welcome to all of you, our distinguished guests from the other side of the Pacific. Welcome to China. Welcome to Beijing. I do hope that, during 15 Unit Two Services En Route your short stay in Beijing, you can not only satisfy your eyes and stomach, but also experience the real Chinese culture and have a better understanding of Chinese people and their real life. B: Thank you. Wang Yi. A: My Pleasure. By the way, we are leaving airport for our hotel. So, please make sure you have got everything with you, especially, your passport. Don’t worry about your luggage, which will be sent to the hotel by another coach. B: Wang Yi. Please say something about yourself. A: By all means. Now please allow me to say a few words about myself. My Chinese name is Wang Yi. My first name is Yi, and family name is Wang. Yi means only one in Chinese. I am the only child in my family, and this is why my parents gave me the name, Yi. My English name is Lucy. So you can either call me “Wang Yi” or “Lucy”. I’m your local guide. I’ve been working for CITS for six years. It’s my honor to be your guide in Beijing. I’ll do my best to make your trip in Beijing a pleasant one. B: It’s a deal. A: And this is our coach driver, Mr. Yang. He has been driving for more than ten years. I’m sure he is going to drive us safe and sound. We’ll take the bus in the following 3 days. So please take the trouble to jot down the plate number for future convenience, N334455. I’ll repeat N-3-3-4-4-5-5. Thanks for your consideration. B: Wang Yi. What time is it, now? Beijing time. A: Thanks for your reminder. Now it’s September 12 and 8: 20 p.m. in Beijing. Beijing time is 13 hours ahead of New York. Please adjust your watches now, so that we can avoid any confusion later on. Actually, there is only one time all through China. That is Beijing standard time. B: Well, how far is it to our hotel? A: It will take us about thirty minutes to get to the Beijing hotel. Take it easy. It’s out of rush hour in Beijing. Now I’d like to say something abut the hotel accommodation. The 5-star Beijing Hotel is located at the corner of Wang Fujing Street and ChangAn Avenue. Next to one of Beijing’s major shopping areas, the hotel is also only a few steps away from the Forbidden City, the Tian’anmen Square, the Great Hall of the People, Grand National Theater and other cultural and historical sites. Since its opening in 1900, the Beijing Hotel played host to numerous political and corporate events and welcomed heads of states, industry leaders, academics and travelers from all walks of life. During 2008 Olympic Games, the Five Star Diamond awarded hotel provided excellent service to the Olympic Family serving as headquarter of the International Olympic Committee. All the guestrooms 16 are large in size and artistically decorated. Most rooms have a balcony and offer a beautiful view of the city. The beautiful property has a cozy atmosphere along with a reputation for serving the finest food and beverages in the city. B: It sounds pretty cool. A: You can say that again, sir! Conversation 2. On the Way to the Hotel (II) Wang Yi and the tour group are on the way to the Beijing Hotel, enjoying the view outside. (A: Wang Yi B: Tour Leader) A: Now, we are driving on the capital airport expressway, and we also call it “the first way to the gate of China” . The expressway is a 18.7-kilometre long, 34.5-meter wide, 6-lane expressway. Speed limit of the expressway is 120 kilometers per hour. The construction of the expressway was completed in 1993. It takes no more than 20 minutes to get to the 3rd Ring Road of Beijing from the airport. In 2004, a 2.5-kilometer stretch of expressway, linking the 3rd Ring Road to the 2nd Ring Road, was constructed and finished in 2006. Actually, the area inside the 2nd Ring Road is the old city of Beijing. Most of the historical sites and buildings are well preserved inside the 2nd Ring Road, for instance, the Tian’anmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and so on. B: The transportation from the airport to the city center is so convenient. A: Definitely. To meet the needs of increasing flow of both overseas and domestic visitors, the constructions of the expressway from the Capital Airport have never stopped. Up to now, there are five expressways from the airport to Beijing and other directions. In addition, the 28-kilometer Airport Express of Beijing subway has been put into use since 2008. This light rail line running from the T2 and T3 of Capital Airport just has two stations in Beijing’s downtown area, respectively at Dongzhimen and Sanyuanqiao. It just takes 20 minutes for passengers to travel between the airport and Dongzhimen by the Capital Airport Express Train, the highest speed of which could reach 110 kilometers per hour. B: Great! Wang Yi. Could you say something about our itinerary in Beijing? A: OK. That’s what I want to say next. As the capital of China and one of the seven old capitals in Chinese history, Beijing has been regarded as the world-famous cultural and historic city. Furthermore, Beijing has developed rapidly since October 1st, 1949, the 17 Unit Two Services En Route establishment of People’s Republic of China. Especially, China’s reform and opening-up policy has been carried out since 1979. So, Beijing blends the traditional outlook and the spectacular view of the modern metropolis. In the next three days you will witness the heritages and development of the old and new Beijing. The first day will be dedicated to Tian’anmen, the largest city center square in the world. Then we will head for the Forbidden City, the imperial palaces in Ming and Qing dynasties. For the second day, we’ll explore the Summer Palace, the largest imperial garden in China, as well as the Temple of Heaven, the largest heaven-worshipping architecture in the world. On the third day, we’ll continue our tour towards the Great Wall, then return to Wang Fujing, the seven-hundred-year-old shopping street. It is perfect for shoppers who look for great value, unique finds or the typical local products as souvenirs. B: Hi, Wang Yi. It sounds great. But why don’t you mention Peking Roast Duck? I’m crazy about it. A: A-ha. I promise you won’t miss it… deliver [di'liv.]. vt. 发表 distinguished [di'sti.gwi.t]. adj. 高贵的 adjust [.'d..st]. vt. 调整 historical [his't.:rik.l]. adj. 历史的 artistically [ɑ:'tistik.li]. adv. 艺术地 preserve [pri'z.:v]. vt. 保护 blend [blend]. vt. 混合 metropolis [mi'tr.p.lis]. n. 大都市 heritage ['heritid.]. n. 遗产 souvenir ['su:v.ni.]. n. 纪念品 imperial [im'pi.ri.l]. adj. 皇家的 China International Travel Service Head Office 中国国际旅行社总社 International Olympic Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会 the plate number 车牌号 the capital airport expressway 首都机场高速路 the first way to the gate of China 国门第一路 heaven-worshipping 祭天 18 Useful Expressions 1. Welcome the tourists a. I’m …, your guide for this tour. I’ll tell you all about the things you will see. If you have any questions, please ask. It’s my job to answer them. All my time is free to talk to you. b. Hello everyone. My name is … . On behalf of Tour Agency I’d like to welcome you all to Beijing. The bus ride to your hotel takes you about fifteen minutes. Right now I’d like to take a minute to familiarize you with the area and tell a brief safety precaution. You have to fasten safety belts and remain seated until we reach our destination. c. Dear guests. Let me introduce myself. My name is … . I am your guide and will support you during the tour. I promise you are going to enjoy your stay here in Beijing. This is a both old and young city where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture and local customers, enjoy great meals and feel very safe. d. Hi, everybody. I’m your tour guide … . It’s great to meet you in Beijing. Discover Beijing and you will see it is phenomenal. Like Alice in her Wonderland, you will find there is even more to see in Beijing than you have dreamed about. 2. Explaining etiquette and customs a. It is customary in our country to tip the friendly bus driver. b. In this region we bow rather than shake hands during a first meeting. c. Though the all-inclusive includes tips for the servers, it does not include tips for the bellboy. d. To indicate that you want to get on or off the bus simply wave your hand at the driver. 3. Tourist questions a. Is that the...you were talking about? b. Are we going to pass the...? c. Are we going to see any...? d. Is it on the right or the left? e. I don’t see it. Can you point it out again? f. Will we see it on the way back? g. Did I miss it? Flashback 1. Fill in the following chart with the information you learn from the dialogues. 19 Unit Two Services En Route The En Route services 2. Make a welcome speech to a tour group from the United States. 3. Make a welcome speech to an individual tourist from Canada. Pre-reading questions 1. Beijing is one of the seven ancient capitals in China. What are the other six capitals in the history of China? 2. Look at the trees and flowers in the following pictures. There are the municipal trees and city flowers of Beijing. What are their names both in Chinese and English? 20 The Profile of Beijing Beijing, the capital of the People’s Republic of China, is also the national political, cultural, international exchange and technological innovation center. It is an ancient and modern city at the same time. Beijing is situated at 39 degrees North Latitude, 116 degrees East Longitude, about the same latitude as Rome in Italy, Philadelphia in the United States. Located in northern China, close to Tianjin and partially surrounded by Hebei Province, Beijing also serves as the most important transportation hub and port of entry in China. Beijing belongs to the Warm Temperate Zone with a semi-humid climate. It has four distinctive seasons, with short springs and autumns while summers and winters are always long. Annual temperatures average 12.8 degrees Celsius. Most of the rainfalls come in July and August, and winters are cold and dry. It seldom snows in Beijing. The months of May, September and October have the best weather, so it’s the golden time to come and visit Beijing. Beijing covers an area of 16,807 square kilometers, about 16 times Hongkong’s land area, half of Taiwan, among which 62% is mountains, 38% flat land. The municipality governs 16 districts. Beijing’s population hits 21.707 million in 2017, of whom 7.943 million, or 36%, were migrants from other parts of China, according to the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics in 2017. Beijing has a long history and a splendid culture. Some 690,000 years ago, “Peking Man” lived at ZhouKoudian, 48 kilometers southwest of Beijing. The recorded history of Beijing as a city can date back to more than 3,000 years ago. It was named Ji and then changed to Yan. At the beginning of the 10 century, it was the second capital of the Liao Dynasty. From then on, the city had been the capital of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties until 1911. On October 1, 1949, the late Chairman Mao proclaimed to the whole world the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and Beijing became the capital of China. In this famed historical and cultural city, cultural heritage sites and scenic spots are found everywhere. Beijing has a total of 7,309 cultural heritage sites, among which 42 are under state protection and 222 under municipal protection. The Forbidden City, the Great Wall, the “Peking Man” Site at Zhoukoudian, the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace and the Ming Tombs are on the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Beijing has over 200 scenic spots open to visitors, such as the Forbidden City, the Beihai Park, the Ming Tombs, the Great Wall, the Lama Temple, the Tanzhe Temple, the Fragrant Hill and so on. Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening-up, large-scale construction has brought great changes to Beijing. Especially, the success of holding Beijing Olympic Games in 21 Unit Two Services En Route 2008, made more and more people from all over world eager to know more about Beijing and look forward to paying a visit in this fascinating city. 1. 39 degrees North Latitude, 116 degrees East Longitude 北纬 39 度，东经 116 度 2. transportation hub 交通枢纽 3. port of entry 进口港；进口口岸 4. the Warm Temperate Zone with a semi-humid climate 温带半湿润气候 5. Celsius 摄氏 6. municipality 市政当局，自治市 7. Peking Man 北京猿人 8. the late Chairman Mao 已故的毛主席 9. the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites 联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录 Flashback Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions in turn. 1. Where is Beijing located? 2. What’s the climate like in Beijing? And what’s the best time for the tourists to visit Beijing? 3. Which Olympic Games was held in Beijing? 4. How many dynasties are there, in which Beijing was set as their capital city? What are they? 5. List the famous scenic spots in Beijing as many as possible. Confucianism—the Essence of Traditional Chinese Culture Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. It is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Confucianism has dominated the feudal society in China more than 2,000 years and for that reason, its influence over the history, social structure and the people of China cannot be overlooked. 22 Confucianism was founded by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period (770B.C. - 476B.C.), and further developed by Mencius. Confucius was born in 551B.C. in the State of Lu which is known today as Qufu in Shandong Province. In Chinese, his name was Kong Qiu. Kong was the family name while Qiu was his given name. Confucius has proved to be the greatest influence over the Chinese character. Besides being a great educationist, thinker and unsuccessful politician, he was first of all an intellect with a noble morality. He pursued truth, kindness and perfection throughout his life and his success and failure were largely due to his character, which had an everlasting impact on Chinese people. Confucius’ teachings and his conversations and exchanges with his disciples are recorded in the book Lunyu or Analects. One of the most famous sayings of Confucius is “Do not do to others what you would not want done to yourself”. That is, one should treat others as one would wish to be treated oneself. Ren (Benevolence) is the core of Confucian thinking, and it shaped the ideal code of conduct and influenced the Chinese’s attitude towards life for more than 2,000 years. Confucians were taught to love, that is, to love their parents, respect their elders, be kind to their brothers, and be generous and understanding to everyone. Other important Confucian virtues include Yi (Righteousness), Li (Ritual), Zhi (Wisdom), Xin (Integrity), Zhong (Loyalty), and Xiao (Filial piety). Another aspect that Confucius made great contribution to in ancient China is education. He invented the elicitation method nearly 100 years earlier than the Socratic dialogue, and was the first to challenge the spoon-feeding method of teaching. “Learning without thinking is labor lost; thinking without learning is perilous.” This is one of his great expressions about education. He also advocated equality between teachers and students and encouraged students to form opinions of their own. Furthermore, he promoted to bring education to all people in Chinese history, not just for nobles. His ideas of teaching are still regarded as the important educational principles in China today. To learn Chinese culture, it is better to learn some Confucianism first. Confucius and Confucianism had so great an impact on Chinese civilization that you can’t imagine how the Chinese culture and history would be otherwise. Flashback 1. Do you know Confucius? And what are his contributions towards Chinese culture? 2. Translate the following quotations from Lunyu into Chinese? 23 Unit Two Services En Route a. There is no distinction of classes in education. b. When traveling in company of two other people, I could find my teachers. I would learn form their good points and guard against their bad ones. c. Is it not a pleasure to learn and practice from time to time what is learned? 1. Listen to the passage about the scheduled itinerary in Beijing that a local guide explained to his tourists. Then, fill in the table below. Dates Destinations Activities Meals included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Listen to the change of the itinerary, and catch up the missing words while listening. Every one of us is involved with some level of planning almost every day. For an experienced traveler, as soon as he has ___a___ in the hotel, he starts to arrange for his trip. Especially during peak seasons, early planning can make the trip much smoother. As for a tour guide, it is important to ___b___ the itinerary before hand with the tour members. For example, the specific information, including the cities, hotels and modes of transportation, an overview of the ___c___ and tourist destinations and so on. Usually a guide should keep to the schedule or the itinerary as specified in the contract. He should not change the travel schedule or itinerary at his ___d___. But sometimes a guide may make some reasonable adjustment on the following conditions. For example, there is a ___e___, so the next destination has to be cancelled; the tourists have finished their arranged tour earlier than the schedule and have enough time for the optional tour. Under such occasions, a guide should explain the situation to the guests, work out a tentative itinerary and report it to travel agency and the tour leader or national guide, then wait for the ___f___ and support. If the local travel service and the sponsor travel service do agree with the tentative itinerary, the guide can inform the tourists the change of the itinerary and try to make the rest of journey interesting and lively. 24 Do you agree with the following statements? If not, please give your answer. 1. Once a schedule or an itinerary is finalized by the tour service, it’s not allowed to change in any situation. 2. No matter how well prepared the tour guide tries to be, he or she will face some obstacles anyway. 3. Tourists from different places share the same interest. 4. A local guide should change the itinerary if tourists want him to because he should put the tourists first. 5. A tour guide needs to raise cross-cultural awareness and enhance a professional ethics. 1. 我们将尽最大的努力使你们的旅行更有趣、更难忘。 2. 在北京有很多著名的景点和名胜古迹。 3. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。 4. 新北京的发展目标是“国家首都，国际城市，文化城市，适宜居住的城市”。 5. An itinerary is a detailed schedule or a suggested route for a journey. Commonly we take it for granted that a tour guide should strictly adhere to it. But a travel plan is also flexible in order to deal with unexpected emergencies and uncertainties. How to Arrange the Shopping for the Tourists If you’re a local guide, you need to take your tourists to do some shopping. However, what should a tour guide do when arranging a shopping for tourists? Please do as following advised: * The guide has to take the tour group shopping only at shops designated by the contract. The local guide is not permitted to add extra shops or shopping time. * If tourists request to go shopping by themselves, the guide may agree if there is enough time. * If tourists want to buy some antiques, the guide has to remind tourists of keeping sales receipts and sign of authenticity, which should be provided by antique shops. Without those documents, antiques may not be allowed to take abroad. 25 Unit Two Services En Route * If tourists want to buy traditional Chinese medicine, the guide has to show them to the reliable drugstores, as well as inform them of the limit of traditional Chinese medicine one can take out of China’s mainland for personal use. * The guide has to politely decline the request when a tourist asks him/her to buy or mail goods. Otherwise, the guide should report the request to the local travel agency, and wait for the approval and direction. .. Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service In this Unit, you will learn to Make a check-in Introduce hotel services and facilities Handle the problem about changing rooms Talk about Chinese Cuisine Deal with the tourist’s requests for changing food I. What services and facilities do the icons stand for in a hotel? 1. _______ 2. _______ 3._______ 4.________ 5.________ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. ______ 9. _______ 10. _______ 27 Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service II. Listen to the hotel check-in arrangement from a tour guide and fill in the blanks with the missing information you have heard from the CD. Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the Beijing Hotel. We’ve ___1___ a reservation here for three nights from today to Sep. 22nd. The hotel is located in the city center, just ten minutes’ walk to the Tian’anmen Square. Now I’ll help you to do the check-in. Please get your passports ready. It takes sometime to do the procedures. And you can have a rest in the lobby. Thanks for your cooperation. (After a while…) Ok, everybody. Attention, please. Here are your passports and ___2___ for ten rooms with all the information on your booking. Mr. Brown, your tour leader, will give them to you soon. Your rooms are on the 14th and 15th floor. Your luggage will be send to your rooms right away. Please make sure that you have the key cards with you all the time. You need to show it when you ___3___ for your meals and drinks in the restaurants and the bars. Take a short break in one hour and then we’ll have a dinner party at Chinese Restaurant, specializing in fine Cantonese ___4___on the second floor at 6 p.m. The breakfast tomorrow will be serviced at Western restaurant on the first floor. It’s a ___5___ from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m. And we’ll get together at___6___ tomorrow morning in the lobby. I hope everyone will be there by that time. In addition, in order to avoid something unpleasant, please bring your ___7___ with you. Be sure to keep your personal items and key cards safe. Finally, I hope you will enjoy your stay here. If you do have any questions, please inform your escort and me. My___8___ is 13511223344. Thanks for your understanding and cooperation. Okay. Now, you can go to your rooms with your key cards. See you later. III. What should a guide do in the following situations? 1. A tourist requests better rooms because of the inadequate facilities. 2. A tourist asks for a single room instead of the standard room specified in the contract. 3. A tourist can’t go to sleep because his room is facing to a busy street. procedure [pr.'si:d..]. n. 手续 Cantonese [k.nt.'ni:z]. adj. 广东的 key card [k.ut.]. n. 房卡 check-in ['b.gid.]. n. 登记入住 28 Conversation 1. Check-in at a Hotel Wang Yi, a professional guide from the China International Travel Service Head Office, is helping a tour leader and a tour group from the United States to do the check-in in the Beijing Hotel. A receptionist attends them. (A: Wang Yi B: Tour Leader C: Receptionist) C: Good afternoon! Welcome to our hotel. A: Good afternoon. I’m the tour guide from CITS. We need 4 suites and 12 single rooms. C: Have you made a reservation? A: Yes, we have booked them for our tour group from the United States. I’m Wang Yi. I’m from Beijing International Travel Service. C: Ok, let me check it. Hold on, please. (After a while…) Sorry to have kept you waiting, sir. 4 suites and 12 single rooms from China International Travel Service. I got it. Now, would you please fill out this registration form of your group? Is there any change to your schedule? A: Yes. We’re just going to talk about this with you. Our tour leader will tell you this in detail. Mr. Smith, please. B: Thanks, Wang Yi. There are 20 people in our group, you know, and we are leaving the day after tomorrow. But a couple won’t go with the whole group. They will have to remain for another couple of days. Could they reserve the same room? C: What type of room do they want? B: A suites. C: Well, let me see. (check the reservation list) Yes, they can. B: Pretty Good. They are Mr. and Mrs. White. C: All right, the Whites, room 1412. Is there any other change, sir? B: No more, thanks. C: Please show me your passports and fill in these registration forms. B: Yes, these are our passports. The registration forms are finished. May I have our keys to the rooms? C: Of course. Here are the key cards to your rooms. Your rooms are on the 14th floor. The bellboy will take you to the rooms. B: Where can we have the breakfast tomorrow? 29 Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service C: The restaurant is on the second floor. Breakfast is served between 6 a.m. to 8 a.m. Your breakfast coupons are inside the room cards. B: All right, thanks. Wang Yi. Do you have any questions? A: Yes. Tomorrow morning, we are leaving for the Great Wall at 8:30. I guess you must be tired after a long trip, so we’d better have a wake-up call less there is someone getting up late. B: Good idea. Shall we have the wake-up call at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning? A: Yes, I think so. (to the receptionist) Would you please give us a morning call at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning? C: Okay, sir. What kind of call would you like, by phone or by knocking at the door? A: By phone .We don’t want to disturb our neighbors. C: Yes, sir. I’ll tell the operator to call your rooms at 7 o’clock. A: Thank you indeed. C: You are welcome. Enjoy your stay. See you then. A: See you. Conversation 2. Introduce Hotel Services and Facilities Wang Yi, the tour guide, is introducing hotel services and facilities to a tourist from the United States. (A: Wang Yi; B: Ms. Rose) B: Excuse me. A: Yes, may I help you, Ms. Rose? B: I was wondering if there is a laundry service in this hotel. A: Sure, there is. But I’m sorry, madam. The laundry is closed now. If you want to have your clothes washed, you can find a laundry bag in the top dresser drawer, and you put the laundry in it and leave it in front of your door. The room maid will pick it up early tomorrow morning and send the laundry back by 10 p.m. the same day. B: How about the rates? A: The rate chart is contained in the stationery folder in your dresser’s drawer. B: Ok, I see. A: Is there anything else I can help you with? B: Where can I use computer and internet in the hotel? I want to check my E-mails. A: You can go to the Business Center, where the computer and internet are free of charge for the hotel guests. B: Oh, good. The last question is if there is a Fitness center. A: Yes, there is one on the first floor. 30 B: Do you happen to know what services they have? A: Massage and sauna. Apart from that, they also have facilities like the indoors swimming pool, a gym, a billiards room, and a bowling room. B: That’s great. I’m used to jogging in the morning. I will go and enjoy myself tomorrow morning. Thank you for telling me. You are very helpful. A: I’m always at your service. receptionist [ri'sep..nist]. n. 接待员 reservation [ rez.r'vei.n]. n. 预约；预订 suite [swi:t]. n. 套房 bellboy ['belb.i]. n. 行李员 coupon ['ku:p.n]. n. 券 laundry ['l.:ndri]. n. 洗衣房 dresser ['dres.]. n. 梳妆台 drawer ['dr.:.]. n. 抽屉 massage [m.'sɑ:.]. n. 按摩 jog registration form laundry bag wake-up call stationery folder bowling room [d..g]. vi. 慢跑 登记表 洗衣袋 叫醒电话 文件夹 保龄球厅 Business Center 商务中心 Fitness center 健身中心 billiards room 台球厅 . Useful Expressions 1. Checking in at a hotel a. I made a reservation and I’d like to check in. b. I don’t have a reservation, but do you have any vacancies for tonight? 31 Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service c. My travel agency booked a room for me. d. I reserved a room through my travel agency in Beijing. Here is the confirmation slip. e. What’s the room rate per night for a single room? f. When can I have breakfast? g. Can I pay by credit card? h. Do you take traveler’s checks? i. Shall we have our keys to our rooms? j. Can you ask the bellman to send the luggage to our rooms? 2. Telling the tourists about the hotel service and facilities a. This hotel provides room service, laundry and wake-up call services. b. There are a sauna, an indoor swimming pool, and an entertaining center. c. Each of our rooms comes with a TV and a refrigerator. d. Please put your clothes in the laundry bag in your room, and fill out the card that is attached. e. Let me introduce some hotel services and facilities to you. There is a bar, a restaurant, a reading corner, an internet access, a laundry room, mini-market, bicycle renting, travel information, yard, wireless internet access, IP phone, and luggage storage. 3. Giving some directions a. Go round the corner. b. Go up or go down the stairs. c. Go down the corridor. d. Turn right then immediately left. e. Turn left then left again. f. Take the lift /stairs to the first floor/ ground floor /basement. g. You will pass /go past the … h. It’s opposite the…/next to the/near the…. i. You won’t miss it. j. Just follow the signs. Flashback 1. Fill in the form with the information you learn from the conversations and your experience about hotel facilities and services. 32 Departments in Chinese Departments in English The facilities or services of the department The staff of the department 前厅部 receptionist,cashier,bellman,operator, concierge 客房部 housekeeper floor attendant 餐饮部 waiter, waitress head waiter, captain 商务中心 Business center clerk 康乐部 receptionist, clerk 商品部 assistant 会议中心 clerk 2. As a tour guide, do you know how to help tourists to check in a hotel? 3. Look at the layout of a hotel. Suppose you are a tour guide and you are at the entrance of the hotel with your tourists. Please ask them where they want to go and give them directions. 33 Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service Pre-reading questions 1. List your favorite Chinese dish and translate it into English. 2. Match the items in the following pictures with the given terms. A. chopsticks B. napkins C. cutlery D. dumpling _____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ Chinese Culinary Art China’s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth to the distinctive Chinese culinary art. With several thousand years of creative and accumulative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular among more and more overseas gourmets, virtually functioning as an envoy of friendship in China’s cultural exchanges with foreign countries. Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the Kingdom of Cuisine. The exquisite Chinese culinary art, regarded as one of the world’s finest culinary traditions, has prevailed all over the world. The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world, which may very well account for the universal popularity of Chinese restaurants and Chinese cooking overseas. The three essential factors, or key elements, by which Chinese cooking is judged, are known as color, aroma and taste. The color of Chinese food, the first of these elements which is so evident at Chinese banquets, includes the layout and design of dishes, especially well-prepared cold dishes served at the beginning of the dinner. To achieve this, add two or three ingredients with different colors are added as decoration to complement the main ingredient. Thus, it is not only the taste of Chinese cuisine that makes you amazed but also its artistic value. Aroma implies more than what one’s nose can detect directly; it also includes the freshness of the raw materials used and the mixture of seasonings. Sometimes, Chinese use various seasonings to dispel the ingredients’ particular smells, such as foul, fishy and mutton smells. While most of the time, they use seasonings just for making the food fragrant in flavor. 34 Taste is the art of proper seasoning, though it also involves the texture of food and the fine slicing techniques. Regarded as the soul of the Chinese dish, taste can be divided into five classes, including sweet, sour, bitter, hot and salty. Seasoning, such as soy sauce, sugar, vinegar and salt in proper amount and in different sequences, contribute to the taste of the dish. These three essential elements — color, aroma and taste — are achieved by the careful coordination of a series of delicate activities: selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate before reaching the table. As an old saying goes, “Food is the first necessity of people.” Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of ordinary life. So, it is no wondering why Chinese people have always treated food as part of their culture. 1. Culinary Art 烹饪艺术 2. give birth to 产生；形成 3. overseas gourmets 国外的美食家们 4. virtually functioning as an envoy of friendship in China’s cultural exchanges with foreign countries （中餐）作为友谊的特使实际上推动了中外文化交流 5. The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world 中餐中使用难以计数的各种天然原料和烹饪方法使中餐在世界上独树一帜 6. account for 说明…的原因 7. color, aroma and taste (中餐所重视的)色、香、味 8. Thus, it is not only the taste of Chinese cuisine that makes you amazed but also its artistic value. 因此，品尝中餐不但会令你着迷，它的艺术价值更会令你感觉神奇。 9. the mixture of seasonings 混合的调料 10. to dispel the ingredients’ particular smells 去除原料中的特别味道 11. proper seasoning 适当的调味 12. the texture of food and the fine slicing techniques 食材本身的质地和(厨师们的)刀工 13. Food is the first necessity of people. 民以食为天。 Flashback 1. Why does Chinese cuisine enjoy a high reputation in the world? 2. Make a brief introduction to the characteristics of Chinese cuisine. 35 Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service 3. What are the other Chinese table manners besides the following ones? a. The senior or elderly person at the table will take the first bite and only then will the rest of the diners join in. b. The main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork. Four Main Cuisines in China China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouth watering flavor. Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly classified into four leading regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. They are Shandong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Guangdong cuisine and Jiangsu Cuisine. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine, Shanghai Cuisine and so on. Consisting of Jinan Cuisine and Jiaodong Cuisine, Shandong Cuisine is clear, pure and not greasy, which is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings, so Shandong dishes taste pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shandong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan Cuisine is adept at deep-frying food, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. Sichuan Cuisine is one of the famous Chinese cuisines in the world, which is often known as Szechuan Cuisine in the West. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan Cuisine emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising are applied as basic cooking techniques. It cannot be said that one who does not experience Sichuan food ever reaches China. Guangdong Cuisine or Cantonese Cuisine is also familiar to Westerners. Tasting clear, light, crisp and fresh, Guangdong Cuisine used to choose wild animals to produce originative dishes. Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, deep-frying, braising, stewing, and steaming. Among them, steaming and stir-frying are more commonly applied to preserve the natural flavor. Guangdong chefs also pay much attention to the artistic presentation of 36 dishes. Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Aquatics as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials. Its carving techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well known. Cooking techniques consist of stewing, braising, roasting, simmering, etc. The flavor of Huaiyang Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance. Jiangsu Cuisine is well known for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous preparation methodology, and its not-too-spicy, not-too-bland taste. Since the seasons vary climate considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year. If the flavor is strong, it isn’t too heavy; if light, not too bland. Flashback 1. Fill in the form with the information you learn from the reading. Four Cuisines in China Cuisines Name in Chinese components characteristics Shandong Cuisine Jinan Cuisine and Jiaodong Cuisine Sichuan Cuisine 川菜 Guangdong Cuisine tasting clear, light, crisp and fresh; Chefs pay much attention to the artistic presentation of dishes. Jiangsu Cuisine 淮扬菜 2. Read the passage again and decide each of the following statements is true or false. ( ) 1. Including Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines. ( ) 2. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings, so Shandong dishes taste pungent usually. ( ) 3. Sichuan Cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. ( ) 4. Guangdong Cuisine usually chooses raptors and beats to produce originative dishes. It cannot be said that one who does not experience Guangdong food ever reaches China. ( ) 5. Jiangsu Cuisine, not greasy, wins its reputation for freshness, tenderness, softness, smoothness of its dishes with mellow fragrance. 37 Unit Three Hotel and Catering Service 1. Listen to the passage on the difference between individual guests and group guests, then answer the questions below. (1) How does a tour guide help the individual guests to check in? (2) Before letting the tourist go to his or her room, what should an experienced tour guide do? (3) What’s the difference, when a tour guide is doing the check-in for individual guests and for group guests? 2. Listen to the Chinese table manners, and fill in the blanks in the passage below. The main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not ___1___ enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own ____2___ of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you are in China for the first time, he will do the best to give you a ___3___ of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at least four ___4___ dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served after the main food which can be rice, noodles or dumplings. Perhaps what surprises a western tourist most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “___5___ chopsticks and spoons” for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. The last and the most important is to tell the host directly that you are full and you can’t eat anymore. Otherwise, you will always___6___. Do you agree with the following statements? If not, please give your answer. 1. Continental breakfast never includes meat. 2. Quanjude is the most well-known Beijing roast duck restaurant. 3. A guide should have meals with the tourists. 4. It is up to members of tour group whether they have meals together. 5. A guide should try his best to meet tourists’ dietary habits because of their religious 38 practice or poor health. 6. Check the dishes one or two times during the mealtime to make sure the food is up to the standard specified in the contract. 7. A guide should deliver the luggage to tourists’ room and check the facilities. 8. Morning call is not necessary, for it may disturb tourists when they are sleeping. 9. Tourists can ask for a suite instead of the single room, but they have to pay for the price difference. 10. A local guide couldn’t arrange better rooms without consulting with tourists and the tour leader. 1. 既然你妻子是素食者，我保证点一些能满足她饮食习惯的菜。 2. 我现在就和餐厅联系，让他们注意您的要求。 3. 在五星饭店，通常 24 小时提供送餐到房间的服务。 4. The Quanjude restaurant has a history of about 140 years. Its unique art of roasting ducks earned it an excellent reputation. The wood of fruit trees such as date, peach and pear are used in the roasting process to add to the meat a distinctive aroma. The slicing of the duck meat is an art itself. How to Deal with the Tourists’ Requests for Changing Food * Generally speaking, restaurants will agree to change the food if they are informed 3 hours ahead of mealtime. In such a case, the guide may accept the tourists’ requests. * If they ask to change dishes just before mealtime, the restaurant may refuse to make changes since some of the dishes have already been prepared. In such a case, the guide should decline the request and give them explanations. * If they insist on changing the menu, adding dishes and beverage, the guide may agree, but he/she should tell them to cover the food expense before the meal. * A guide should try his best to meet tourists’ dietary habits because of their religious practice or health reasons. Unit Four Tian’anmen— The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square In this Unit, you will learn to Summarize the history and importance of Tian’anmen Rostrum and Tian’anmen Square Tell the characteristics and functions of the major architectural complexes Explain the doctrines of Yin and Yang and Five Elements Describe the ritual of Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix Deal with the tourist’s passport missing I. What is the layout of today’s Tian’anmen Square? And what’s the symbolic building in and around it? II. Listen to the brief introduction of Tian’anmen Rostrum carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing information you have heard from the CD. Tian’anmen Rostrum Tian’anmen is situated on the north-south axis in central Beijing. With Chang’an Avenue running ___1___ its front, Tian’anmen Rostrum is not only ___2___with, but also stays away from other architecture on the square. As the main gate of the ___3___ of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and symbol of Beijing and China today, Tian’anmen has ___4___ the up and down of history. Standing on the Tian’anmen Square and looking far east and west, up and down the Chang’an Avenue, one can see a centuries-old architectural ___5___ standing side by side with newly-built modern-style buildings. The Tian’anmen Square embodies Beijing’s history and 40 reality, arousing the awareness of modernism while keeping the splendid ___6___ of old Beijing, and ___7___ created by new Beijing add to the city’s brilliance. On visiting Beijing, every tourist, from home or abroad, cannot help being greatly ___8___ by the magnificence of Tian’anmen Rostrum and the imposing atmosphere of the ___9___ square. As Beijing’s famous scenic spot, Tian’anmen Rostrum, Tian’anmen Square and all other architectures there are viewed as ___10___ of Chinese culture by a growing number of Chinese and foreign tourists. III. Observe the map below, identify those tourist attractions and try to memorize their locations. axis. ['.ksis]. n.. 轴 . avenue. ['.vinju:]. n.. 大街 . imperial. [im'pi.ri.l]. adj. 皇家的 . complex. ['k.mpleks]. n.. 建筑群 . embody. [im'b.di]. vt.. 体现 . essence. ['esns]. n.. 本质，精华 . imposing. [im'p.uzi.]. adj. 庄严的. 41 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square Conversation 1. Tian’anmen Rostrum Wang Yi, a professional guide, is taking Mr. Smith, an American tourist, around the Tian’anmen Square. Now they are standing in front of the Tian’anmen Rostrum. (A: Wang Yi B: Mr. Smith ) A: Here we are. This is the Tian’anmen Square. Millions of tourists come from all over the world to view its long history and splendid appearance. Now it has become the very image of Beijing’s charm. B: Marvelous! I bet it is the symbolic architecture of Beijing. A: Yeah. The Tian’anmen Square is located on the central axis of Beijing. There are plenty of historical buildings around. B: Well, what’s the building over there? I think it is the grandest architecture in the square. A: It is the Tian’anmen Rostrum. Tian’anmen means the Gate of Heavenly Peace. Originally it was called Chengtianmen in Ming Dynasty, which means Heavenly Succession. The Chinese emperors believed they were authorized by God to rule over the country. In Qing Dynasty, the name was changed to Tian’anmen. B: No wonder it was designed very grand and magnificent. It is the most splendid gate tower I’ve ever seen in the world. A: Covering an area of 4,800 square meters with a total height of 34.7 meters, Tian’anmen rostrum is composed of three sections: basement, terrace and tower. The tower has a double-eave and yellow-glaze roof. On the forehead, between the two eaves hangs the solemn National Emblem. The tower is nine-room wide and five-room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers, nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremacy of the emperor. B: Very interesting. Would you please tell me what such a grand building was used for? A: Well, it used to be the main entrance of the Imperial City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. And it was the place where the important state ceremonies took place，the most famous “Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix” was held on the tower. 42 B: Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix? What’s that? A: Well, during the Issuing Ceremony, after being proclaimed to the officials, the imperial edict would be put in a gilded box shaped like a phoenix. Then the box would be lowered down from the tower by means of a yellow silk cord to the officials kneeling below. After that the edicts would be taken to the Ministry of Rites, where copies were made for whole country. B: I see. Look, Tian’anmen has five gateways. A: Yes. And directly opposite the five gateways are the seven arched stone bridges, which are known as the Outer Golden Water Bridges. B: Wang Yi, could you tell me why should there be so many bridges? A: Sure. These bridges have different names and functions. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the middle one was called Imperial Bridge which was used for the emperor only. The two bridges on each side were called Royals’ Bridges, used by the royal family members. The other two bridges were named Ministerial Bridges for the civil and military officials above the third rank. B: What about the officials under the fourth rank? A: There are two more bridges in front of the Altar of Land and Grain to the west, and the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east, were called Common Bridges for the officials below the fourth rank. B: Wow! It really shows the hierarchy in feudal society. A: Look, above the central gateway of the rostrum hangs a portrait of beloved Chairman Mao. It is on record as being the nation’s biggest hand-drawn portrait. B: How big is it? A: It is 6 meters high, 4.6 meters wide with a total weight of 1.5 tons. B: My goodness! It is really big. A: On both side of Chairman Mao’s portrait, there hang two slogans on the rostrum. B: What do they read? A: The right one reads “Long Live the People’s Republic of China” and the left one reads “Long Live the Great Unity of the People of the World”. B: Wang Yi. Tian’anmen Rostrum was the very place where Chairman Mao proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the whole world, wasn’t it? A: Yes. You are very familiar with Chinese history, aren’t you? B: Not really. I only know a little bit. A: Let’s go upstairs and stand at the place where Chairman Mao used to stand to review the parades. B: It’s so nice to be able to have a panoramic view! I see two imposing columns over there. 43 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square What are they? A: They are called Huabiao. Huabiao is a well-known architectural ornament in China. B: What spectacular pillars! A: Yes. There is another pair of such ornament pillars behind the Tian’anmen Rostrum. Conversation 2. Tian’anmen Square Wang Yi is showing Mr. Smith around Tian’anmen Square. (A: Wang Yi B: Mr. Smith) A: Now we are arriving at Tian’anmen Square. B: Oh, how spacious it is! I’ve heard so much about the Square. Now I have the pleasure of seeing it with my own eyes. A: The total area of the square is 44 hectares and it is the largest city center square in the world today. B: Oh, dear! It is really much larger than I expected. I think it is one of the most pleasing city squares in the world. A: I think so. Along the central north-south axis，firstly we can see the national flagpole. It is made of 4 seamless steel tubes，32.6 meters high，and 7 tons in weight. Since May 1st, 1991，we have the flag-raising ceremony at sunrise and the flag-lowering ceremony at sunset every day. B: I think it must be very impressive. A: Yes, the ceremonies are brief but solemn. Every morning, when the sun is about to rise, the guard of honor of the National Flag march out of Tian’anmen Rostrum to the square and raise the flag exactly at sunrise. Accompanied by the National Anthem, the bright Five-Star Red Flag rises slowly with the sunrise, symbolizing a bright future for China. B: How nice it would be if I could watch a sacred flag-raising ceremony! A: If you are interested, we still have an opportunity to see the flag-lowering ceremony at sunset today. B: Oh, that’s great! I can’t wait to see it! A: We will, but now let’s walk on. This is the Monument to the People’s Heroes. It was erected in 1958 in memory of the people’s heroes, who laid down their lives in numerous 44 struggles against enemies both domestic and foreign for the national independence and liberation. On its north face are inscribed eight Chinese characters in the calligraphy of our late Chairman Mao. B: What do they read? A: Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes! The base of the monument is also decorated with eight bas-relief carvings, depicting the major events of the Chinese revolution from 1840 to 1949. B: Wow, it’s really a stately structure. Miss Wang, what’s that building on the east side? A: That’s the National Museum of China (NMC) and it was founded based on the merging of two previous museums, namely the National Museum of Chinese History and National Museum of Chinese Revolution. From March, 2007 to December, 2010, the NMC carried out a project to expand and renovate the museum such that it covers 192,000 square meters. Today, the NMC is the largest museum in the world in terms of size with first class facilities and capabilities. Here you can trace the history of China from its earliest beginning to the modern era. B: It is a pity. We can’t pay a visit today. A: It doesn’t matter. Let’s walk to the Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum. B: OK. A: Here is the Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum. Chairman Mao is the founder and great leader of the People’s Republic of China. He passed away on September 9th, 1976. To commemorate this great man, the hall was built here a year later after his death. B: I see. And what’s that building on the west side? A: That’s the Great Hall of the People. Now let’s get close to it and have a better look. B: All right. I’ll follow you. (after a while…) A: Look, this grand building extends 336 meters from south to north and 206 meters from east to west. The whole building is divided into three sections with its central part towering as high as 46.5 meters. B: How splendid it is! 45 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square A: The building consists mainly three parts. The northern part is the banquet hall with a seating capacity for 5,000 people at table. The middle part is a fully-equipped 10,000-seat grand auditorium in which important national conferences and performances are held. B: What about the southern part? A: That part is the offices for the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. In addition, thirty-four reception halls are named after different provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and special administrative regions. The decoration and furnishing in these halls are different from each other, featuring unique style of different places and ethnic people throughout the country. B: I see. Go ahead, please. A: The Chinese leaders often meet foreign guests here. It is also here that many important issues are discussed and many national policies and laws are made. B: So that’s why Tian’anmen Square is called the heart of China. rostrum ['r.str.m]. n. 检阅台；主席台 . succession [s.k'se..n]. n. 继承 . hectare ['hektɑ:]. n. 公顷（等于 1 万平方米） . basement ['beism.nt]. n. 建筑物的底部；底座 . terrace ['ter.s]. n. 城台 . eaves [i:vz]. n. 屋檐 . glaze [gleiz]. n. 釉面，琉璃 . solemn ['s.l.m]. adj. 庄严的 . supremacy [sju'prem.si]. n. 至高，无上 . edict ['i:dikt]. n. 布告，法令 . phoenix ['fi:niks]. n. 凤凰 . gild [gild]. vi. 镀金 . arched [ɑ:t.t]. adj. 拱形的 . portrait ['p.:trit]. n. 肖像 . slogan ['sl.ug.n]. n. 标语，口号 . emblem ['embl.m]. n. 徽章 . altar ['.:lt.]. n. 祭坛，祈祷祭拜的地方 . proclaim [pr.'kleim]. vt. 宣布，声明 . parade [p.'reid]. n. 阅兵，检阅 . panoramic [ p.n.'r.mik]. adj. 全景的. 46 ornament ['.:n.m.nt]. n. 装饰物 . pillar ['pil.]. n. 柱子 . seamless ['si:mlis]. adj. 没有接缝的 . calligraphy [k.'ligr.fi]. n. 书法，笔迹 . bas-relief ['b.sri li:f]. n. 浅浮雕 . depict [di'pikt]. vt. 描述,. 描写 . stately ['steitli]. adj. （建筑等）庄严的；宏伟的 . trace [treis]. vt. 追踪,回溯 . commemorate [k.'mem.reit]. vt. 纪念 . auditorium [ .:di't.:ri.m]. n. 礼堂 . municipality [mju: nisi'p.liti]. n. 市政府 . autonomous [.:'t.n.m.s]. adj. 自治的 . ethnic ['eθnik]. adj. 民族的 . Book of Changes 易经 the Outer Golden Water Bridges 外金水桥 the Imperial City 皇城 the Altar of Land and Grain 社稷坛 the National Emblem 国徽 the Supreme Ancestral Temple 太庙 Imperial Bridge 御路桥 the Ministry of Rites 礼部尚书 Royals’ Bridge 王公桥 flag-raising ceremony 升旗仪式 Ministerial Bridge 品级桥 flag-lowering ceremony 降旗仪式 Common Bridge 公生桥 Tian’anmen Rostrum 天安门城楼 Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场 the National Museum 国家博物馆 “Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix” 金凤颁诏 the guard of honor of the National Flag 国旗护卫队 “Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!” 人民英雄永垂不朽！ the Monument to the People’s Heroes 人民英雄纪念碑 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum 毛主席纪念堂 Useful Expressions 1. Showing the scenic spot a. Here we are. This is the Tian’anmen Square. b. Look, above the central gateway of the rostrum hangs a portrait of the late Chairman Mao. c. Along the central north-south axis, first we can see the National Flagpole. d. Here is the Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum. 47 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square 2. Expressing the excitement a. Fantastic! I bet it is the symbolic architecture for Beijing. b. My goodness! It is really big. c. It’s so nice to be able to have a panoramic view! d. What spectacular pillars! e. Oh, how great it is! How spacious it is! f. Oh, that’s great! I can’t wait to see it! g. How splendid! 3. Asking for more detailed information a. Would you please tell me what such a grand building was used for? b. Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix? What’s that? c. Could you tell me why should there be so many bridges? d. What about the officials under the fourth rank? 4. Giving instructions a. Let’s go upstairs and stand at the place where Chairman Mao used to stand to review the parades. b. We will, but now let’s walk on. c. Let’s walk to the Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum. d. Now let’s get close to it. Flashback 1. Fill in the form with the information you learn from the conversations. The architectural complexes of Tian’anmen Square Scenic spots Name in Chinese Function Architectural Characteristics Tian’anmen Rostrum The National Museum of China Collection and conservation of historical and cultural relics of both ancient and modern times, holding exhibitions and carrying out scientific researches. \ The Monument to the People’s Heroes 人民英雄 纪念碑 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum 毛主席纪念堂 The Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂 \ Huabiao 华表 Huabiao is an architectural ornament in China. 48 2. How many bridges are there over the Outer Golden Water River? Who used them? 3. Make a brief introduction to the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 4. Make a brief introduction to Tian’anmen Rostrum. Pre-reading questions 1. What was the layout of Tian’anmen Square in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? 2. What is the Dragon Gate or the Tiger Gate? Commentary of Tian’anmen Square Ladies and Gentlemen, May I have your attention please? Here we are at Tian’anmen Square! The Tian’anmen Square is the largest city central plaza in the world. Tian’anmen means the Gate of Heavenly Peace. Today it is a place for the people to get together when there is a big event. In addition, on National Day, International Labor Day and some other major festivals people would like to come here to celebrate. It locates in the heart of Beijing. The square is rectangular in shape. It is 880 meters from north to south and 500 meters from east to west. Covering an area of 44 hectares, it is big enough to hold one million people. In and around the square, there are some famous and important structures. In the square, on the central axis are the National Flagpole, the Monument to the People’s Heroes, the Chairman Mao's Mausoleum and the Zheng Yang Gate. Around the square, to the south is the Arrow Tower of the Zheng Yang Gate, to the west stands the Great Hall of the People, to the north towers the Tian’anmen Rostrum and the National Museum of China to the east. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tian’anmen Square was in “T” shape. It was surrounded by a red wall, which was forbidden to the common people. The Imperial Way used to run from south to north through the center of the square. On both side along the Imperial Way, once stood the Thousand-step Corridor with 110 rooms on each side facing east and west, and 34 rooms facing north reaching toward the south side of Chang’an Avenue. Totally, there were 288 rooms along the Corridor. At the southern end of the square stood the Gate of Great Ming in the Ming Dynasty and the Gate of Great Qing later in the Qing Dynasty. To the north of the square towered the Tian’anmen Rostrum. In front of Tian’anmen Rostrum, the “Left Gate of Chang’an Avenue” 49 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square (Chang An Zuo Men) on the east was called the “Dragon Gate” and the “Right Gate of Chang’an Avenue” (Chang An You Men) on the west was called the “Tiger Gate”. Lined outside the red wall on the east and west were the government offices called the central “Yamen”, all designed according to the “Civil East and Military West” pattern. On the east of the square, there used to be civil ministries offices and on the west were the military offices. After the founding of new China, the surrounding wall of the ‘T’ shaped square had been taken down. The Monument to the People’s Heroes, the Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum, the Great Hall of the People and the National Museum of China were constructed in and around the square. The square has witnessed the Chinese people’s struggle against feudalism and imperialism. Some of the well-known patriotic movements occurred here like the May 4th Movement in 1919, the December 9th Movement in 1935. The square also witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1st, 1949, and it is witnessing the amazing development of China today! Ok, everybody, thank you for your attention. 1. The Tian’anmen Square is the largest city central plaza in the world. 天安门广场是世界上最大的城市中心广场. 2. rectangular 矩形的 3. Arrow Tower 箭楼 4. the Zheng Yang Gate 正阳门 （也称为前门，是原北京内城的正门。正阳门为双重城 门楼，北侧为主门，即正阳门城楼，南侧为箭楼，上面设有许多箭窗。） 5. tower 高耸，屹立 6. Imperial Way 御路 7. Thousand-Step Corridor 千步廊 8. the Gate of Great Ming 大明门 9. the Gate of Great Qing 大清门 10. Left Gate of Chang’an Avenue 长安左门 11. Dragon Gate 龙门 12. Right Gate of Chang’an Avenue 长安右门 13. Tiger Gate 虎门 14. Lined outside the red wall on the east and west were the government offices called the central “Yamen”, all designed according to the “Civil East and Military West” pattern. 东西两边宫墙以外，按照“文东武西”的格局，分布着当时的中央衙门。 50 15. civil 文职的 16. “T” shaped square “T”形广场 17. After the founding of new China, the surrounding wall of the ‘T’ shaped square had been taken down. 新中国成立后，拆除了“T”形广场的围墙。 Flashback 1. Fill in the form with the information you learn from the reading. Tian’anmen Square Shape Function Layout modern Ming and Qing Dynasties . 2. The four Supernatural Beings (四象)symbolize the four quadrants of the sky and the earth, and also the four seasons. Please fill in the blanks about the Animals of the Four Quarters. Green Dragon, symbol of the east and of spring; White Tiger, symbol of the ____ and of ____; Scarlet Bird, symbol of the south and of summer; Dark Xuanwu, symbol of the ____ and of ____. Yin-Yang and Five Elements The concept of Yin and Yang originates in ancient Chinese philosophy and metaphysics, which describes two primal opposing but complementary forces found in all things in the universe. Yin represents the female, negative, darkness, softness, moisture, night-time, even numbers and docile aspects of things. Yang represents the male, positive, brightness, hardness, dryness, day-time, odd numbers and dominant aspects. Yin and Yang are continually in the state of flux and always looking for the balance point. One moves, the other responses. Therefore, ancient scholars treated this natural phenomenon as a natural universal law. Wu Xing (Chinese: 五行) expands on the concept of 51 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square Yin and Yang further, and represents the more complicated relationships and concepts in nature. Wu Xing in English is translated as Five Elements, Five Movements or Five Phases. These theories date back to ancient times when people made simple observations of their natural world, the constant struggle between the sun and the moon, and the changes of seasons. Yin-yang and Five Elements expresses how things are constituted and relate to one another. In traditional Chinese philosophy, our universe consisted of five basic elements, which are Metal, Water, Wood, Fire and Earth (金，水，木，火，土). Everything, including humans, in the universe (between Heaven and Earth) must have a relationship with these five elements. These elements have their Yin and Yang sides too. They are moving, waning, waxing and changing all the time. Just like Yin and Yang, the movements of five elements are slow and stable when they are in kind of balance. If they are out of balance, then the movements are unstable and unpredictable. The doctrine of Five Elements describes both a generating (生) cycle and an overcoming or restraining (克) cycle of interactions between the elements. In the generating cycle, wood generates fire; fire generates earth (ash); earth generates metal; metal generates water (if metal is left out at night, water will have condensed on it in the morning); water generates wood. In the overcoming cycle, wood grows in earth; earth absorbs water; water quenches fire; fire melts metal; metal cuts wood. Interaction of the Five Elements The doctrines of Yin and Yang and Five Elements represent the Chinese conception of Nature and were fundamental to all natural sciences. Not only medicine, but astronomy, calendrical science, geography, and agriculture made extensive use of and were strongly influenced by these theories. Flashback 1. Is there anything that can be completely defined as all Yin or all Yang? Why? 2. Are the five elements physical substances? What do they represent? 52 3. Read the following examples of complementary opposites of Yin and Yang and fill in the blanks. Yin Yang Light Cold Hard Female Interior (inside) Exterior (outside) Inferior (lower) Left Inactive Excess Descending 1. Listen to the passage about how to issue the imperial edicts in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Then, read the five steps of the entire ritual and arrange them in the right order. A. Then, the edict would be put on a tray into a miniature dragon pavilion and then be taken to Tian’anmen Gate Tower. B. The gilded phoenix-shaped wooden box would be lowered down from the tower by means of a yellow silk cord to the officials kneeling below. C. The edict was then taken to the Ministry of Rites where it would be copied on a yellow paper for knowing to the public in the whole country later. D. The Minister of Rites first received the imperial edict in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. E. After being proclaimed, the edict would be put in a gilded phoenix-shaped wooden box. Step 1._____ Step 2. _____ Step 3. ______ Step 4. _____ Step 5. _____ 2. Listen to the “Huabiao”, and decide each of the following statements true or false. (1) The “Huabiao” in front of the Tian’anmen Rostrum has a history of about 600 years. (2) “Chenglupan” is used for collecting dew. 53 Unit Four Tian’anmen—The Tour of the Biggest City Center Square (3) The two Hous in front facing north are called “Wangjunchu”. (4) There is another pair of “Huabiao” behind the Tian’anmen Rostrum. (5) The duty of “Wangjungui” was to watch over the emperor’s excursions and call him back if he was absent from the palace too long. Do you agree with the following statements? If not, please give your answer. 1.We usually refer to Tian’anmen Gate Tower or Tian’anmen Rostrum as Tian’anmen. 2. Tian’anmen has been called all the time without changing. 3. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. 4. The “Left Gate of Chang’an Avenue” was called the “Tiger Gate” and the “Right Gate of Chang’an Avenue” was called the “Dragon Gate”. 5. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tian’anmen Square was a “T” shaped square with the civil offices on the west and the military offices on the east. 6. The precedent of the National Museum of China is the Museum of Chinese History. 7. The flag-raising ceremony begins at different time each day but precisely at sunrise. 8. There are five marble brides spanning over the Golden Water River in front of the Tian’anmen Rostrum. 9. Today the Altar of Land and Grain and the Supreme Ancestral Temple were converted into “Zhongshan Park” and the “Working People’s Cultural Palace” respectively. 10. On the front side of the Monument to the People’s Heroes is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by late Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads “Eternal Glory to People’s Heroes”. The inscription at the back is in the handwriting of Chairman Mao, too. 1.作为一个旅游景点，天安门有两大部分可以观光游览：一部分是天安门广场，包 括广场上的建筑和广场周围的建筑；另一部分是天安门城楼。 2.天安门前蜿蜒流过的河流被称为金水河。按照阴阳五行之说，“金”对应着“西”， 而河中的水由西向东流过，故名金水河。 3.首先，让我们看一下广场南边的城楼，它叫正阳门（俗称前门），是明清两朝皇帝 每年两次去天坛祭天专用的大门。下面我们沿着中轴线从南向北游览。 4. Spanning over the Golden Water River in front of the Tian’anmen Rostrum are the seven arched stone bridges. The five in-between are known as the Outer Golden Water Bridges, which are directly opposite the five gateways of Tian’anmen. Observant visitors may discover that carved designs on the white marble railings of the bridge in the middle are coiled dragons, 54 whereas those of the others are vivid lotuses. The variation reveals the different functions and grades of the bridges. The one in the very middle, the Imperial Bridge, served for the passage of the emperors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Accordingly, the decoration of coiled dragon symbolizes the supremacy of the imperial power. The other four, with lotus ornamentation, vary in function. How to Deal with the Tourists’ Passport Missing * The guide should help the tourist recall whether he/she has left the passport with someone or put it somewhere else. * Get contact with the group leader and ask whether the passport has been returned to the tourist. * If the loss is confirmed, the guide should help the tourist search for the missing passport together with the group leader. * If the passport is not found, the guide should report to the local travel agency and the loss testimonial issued from the local travel agency is a must. * The tourist who lost the passport should report his/her loss to the local police station immediately. He/ She should submit the written testimonial of the local travel agency along with his/ her photos. * With the testimonial issued by the local police station, he/she should apply for a new passport in his/her own country’s Embassy or Consulate General in China. * With the newly issued passport, the tourist should apply for a new visa in the office of the entry and exit visas for foreigners under the police station in China. Unit Five The Palace Museum— The Tour of Imperial Palace In this Unit, you will learn to Summarize the history and importance of the Palace Museum Tell the characteristics of the major architectural complexes Explain how the Chinese architectures symbolize Chinese traditional philosophy and belief Deal with the tourist who is lost during the tour I. What are the names of the statues in the following pictures? And their functions? II. Listen to the brief introduction to the Palace Museum carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing information you have heard from the CD. Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the Palace Museum. The Palace Museum is located in the 1 of Beijing. The construction of the imperial palace began in the 4th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. It took 14 years and was finished in __2 . Since it was the 3__ of all 4 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a total of __5__ emperors ruled from within the imperial palace. 56 Common people were not permitted to __6__ it, therefore it was called “Forbidden City”. The Palace Museum covers an area of 72 hectares (178 acres), which is surrounded by a wall of 10 meters high and a moat of 52 meters wide. People are deeply impressed by its __7__ strength of the construction. There are more than 8,700 rooms in the Palace Museum. The imperial palace is divided into two main sections, the __8__ and the __9__ court. The Qing Dynasty fell in __10__. The last emperor was driven out of the imperial palace in 1924. Since then it was converted into a museum to be opened to the public. The Palace Museum is the best-preserved imperial palace in China. In 1987, it was listed as the world culture heritage by UNESCO. III. Observe the map below and identify each scenic spot and its location. Then try to memorize the following key words of their location and significance. 57 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace 1. The Meridian Gate(Wu men) 2. “Painting and Calligraphy Gallery” Hall of Martial Valor (Wuying dian) 3. “Ceramics Gallery” Hall of Literary Brilliance (Wenhua dian) 4. Gate of Supreme Harmony (Taihe men) 5. Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihe dian) 6. Hall of Middle Harmony (Zhonghe dian) 7. Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohe dian) 8. Palace of Heavenly Purity (Qianqing gong) 9. Palace of Union and Peace (Jiaotai dian) 10. Palace of Earthly Tranquility (Kunning gong) 11. Hall of Mental Cultivation (Yangxin dian) 12. Area of Six Western Palaces 13. Imperial Garden (Yu huayuan) 14. Area of Six Eastern Palaces 15. “Hall of Clocks” Hall for Ancestral Worship (Fengxian dian) 16. “The Treasure Gallery, Gallery of Qing Imperial Opera” Area of Palace of Tranquil Longevity (Ningshou gong) 17. Gate of Divine Prowess (Shenwu men) As a qualified guide, you have to bear in mind the map above, each scenic spot and its location. Therefore, please remember the following key words, which can help you to be familiar with the basic facts and characteristics of the Palace Museum. * Outer. The Outer Court refers to Meridian Gate (Wumen), the Gate of Supreme Harmony (Taihemen), the Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian), the Hall of Middle Harmony (Zhonghedian), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohedian). * Inner. The Inner Palace refers to the Gate of Heavenly Purity (Qianqingmen), the Palace of Heavenly Purity (Qianqinggong), the Palace of Union and Peace (Jiaotaidian), the Palace of Earthly Tranquility (Kunninggong), and the Imperial Garden (Yuhuayuan). * Western. The Six Western Palaces refer to the Hall of Mental Cultivation (Yangxindian), The Hall of Manifesting Obedience (Tishuntang), the Palace of Eternal Longevity (Yongshougong), the Palace of Eternal Spring (Changchungong), and the Palace of Assisiting the Empress (Yikungong) and the Palace of Gathering Elegance (Chuxiugong). * Eastern. The Six Eastern Palaces consist of the Palace of Great Benevolence (Jingrengong)，the Palace of Celestial Favour(Chengqiangong)， the Palace of Eternal Harmon(Yonghegong)， the Palace of Great Brilliance(Jingyanggong)， the Palace of Purity (Zhongcuigong) and the Palace of Lasting Happiness(Yanxigong). 58 The Outer Court 外朝 The Inner Palace 内廷 The Meridian Gate (Wumen) 午门 The Gate of Supreme Harmony(Taihemen) 太和门 The Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian) 太和殿 The Hall of Middle Harmony (Zhonghedian) 中和殿 The Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohedian) 保和殿 The Six Western Palaces 西六宫 The Six Eastern Palaces 东六宫 The Gate of Heavenly Purity (Qianqingmen) 乾清门 The Palace of Union and Peace (Jiaotaidian) 交泰殿 The Palace of Earthly Tranquility (Kunninggong) 坤宁宫 The Imperial Garden (Yuhuayuan) 御花园 Conversation 1. The Meridian Gate It is a sunny day. Wang Yi, a professional guide from the China International Travel Service Head Office, is showing Ms. Rose, an American tourist, around the Forbidden City. Now, they are approaching the Meridian Gate. (A: Wang Yi B: Ms. Rose) A: The Forbidden City has four gates. Here is the Meridian Gate, the main entrance to the Forbidden City. In Chinese, we call it Wumen. Men in Chinese means gate. B: So, what about Wu? A: Wu is the short of Ziwu in Chinese which could be translated as meridian line in English. According to the ancient Chinese compass, the word “meridian” indicates the direction of the south. So the Meridian Gate also served as the south gate of the Forbidden City. Besides, Chinese emperors believed that the meridian line went right through the 59 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace Forbidden City and the imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. This is why Chinese emperors considered themselves as the “Son of the Heaven”. So the Forbidden City best demonstrates the elements of Chinese palace architecture, such as “supremacy”, “hierarchy”and “everlasting”. B: It sounds interesting. Could you take something for example? A: OK. Please look at the central gateway. It was exclusively for the emperors. The empress could use it once when she got married on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. On that day, the empress could be permitted to enter the Forbidden City through the middle gateway on a sedan chair. That is the only chance in her life! B: Nobody else? A: Actually, another exception was for the top three outstanding scholars who passed the Imperial Palace Examination. Just on the day when the results were announced, they were allowed to go through the central gateway. This was the greatest honor for the Chinese scholars in the old time. B: And this is why Chinese people have been valuing education traditionally. A: You can say that again. B: Hi, Wang. So high is the gate! Just like Tower. A: Yes, Ms. Rose. The Meridian Gate is 35 meters high. The gate is topped by five towers commonly known as the Five Phoenix Towers. B: What are the towers for? A: It is recorded that the towers were installed with the bells and drums. When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck. When he went to the Ancestral Temple, drums were beaten in order to publicize the event. B: I see. Was there any interesting story happened? A: Well. As a matter of fact, there were mainly two functions for the Meridian Gate. One is for Chinese emperors to enjoy the festival activities and the other is for reviewing the official ceremonies. “Court Beating” also took place in front of the Meridian Gate, which is a kind of punishment for those offending officials by beating them on their buttocks with sticks. And any officials who went against the emperor’s wishes would be taken out of the Meridian Gate and be beaten in this way. Some of them even were beaten to death on the spot. B: It’s so cruel! A: Fortunately, this terrible punishment was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. B: Well, we are so lucky to walk freely here today. A: Ms. Rose. Please tell me how many gateways there are and what shape they are. 60 B: There are 3 of them and they are rectangle. A: Ok, let’s go inside, turn back, and tell me that again. (They walked through the gate.) B: Oh, my. I can’t believe my eyes. How could it be? There are five gateways and they are round. A: This is what I want to remind you of something interesting indeed. It is the typical building method for imperial constructions. Three obvious doorways can be seen from the outside, but five seen from inside. B: It’s so amazing. Conversation 2. The Symbolism of the Architecture in the Palace Museum Wang Yi and Ms. Rose are arriving at the big courtyard in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. ( A: Wang Yi B: Ms. Rose) A: Ms. Rose. You may have seen a winding brook before us. It is the Inner Golden Water River. B: Why did people dig a river channel here? A: There are four reasons. First of all, the river is shaped like a bow, and the five marble bridges look like five arrows. This layout shows that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of Heaven. Secondly, the river was for draining the rain water away from the Forbidden City. Thirdly, it is used for the fire prevention. Finally, don’t you think the design is aesthetic? B: Oh, fantastic! A: Now, we are walking across the bridge and entering the courts of the imperial palace. Here is the Gate of Supreme Harmony. There are a pair of bronze lions who are guarding the gate. In China, no matter yesterday or today, people regard stone, iron and bronze lions, placed at the gate, could ward off the evil spirits. Ms. Rose, could you tell me which lion is male and which is female? B: Oh, let me have a close look. I think the lion on the right should be female, because she is playing with a baby lion. A: You are very smart. I have to say. The female lion and the lion cub are considered to be a symbol of prosperity of the royal family’s offspring. The male lion, playing with a ball, is said to represent the emperor’s supreme power and state unity. 61 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace B: Chinese people are good at imagination and symbolization. Wang, what are those figures on the roof? How many of them are there? A: They are the glazed tiles with the mythical animal statues to prevent the tiles from sliding down. The roofs are decorated with a line of statuettes led by an immortal riding on a rooster and followed by 10 mythical animals, such as dragon, phoenix, lion, sea horse, heavenly horse, and so on. The number of statuettes represents the status of the building — a minor building might have 3 or 5. Look at the Hall of Supreme Harmony. It has 10, which shows the highest rank of the building in the imperial palace. B: The yellow roof under the sun is gorgeous. I heard the color of yellow is the exclusive color of the Chinese emperors. A: You are right! The red and yellow colors used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang Dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear in it and use the color of yellow in their architecture. B: Are all the roofs in the Forbidden City yellow? A: Not all of them. There are only two exceptions. The library at the Pavilion of the Source of Literature had black tiles because black was associated with water, for the purpose of fire-prevention. Similarly, the Crown Prince’s residences have green tiles because green was associated with wood, and wood indicates growth and future. B. The Chinese color culture is very interesting. A: Believe it or not. Number is another culture point related to the Chinese architecture. According to the Chinese theory of Fengshui, the main halls of the Outer Court in the Forbidden City are arranged in groups of three, which is the shape of the Qian Trigram, representing Heaven. Meanwhile, the residences of the Inner Court on the other hand are arranged in groups of six, which is the shape of the Kun Trigram, representing the Earth. B. Are there any other typical Chinese theories? A. Yes, have you ever heard about the Chinese theory of Five Elements? The elements are fire, water, earth, wood and metal. Wood is said to overcome the earth. That’s why the three big halls in the Forbidden City were built on a three-tiered marble terrace, shaped like the Chinese character “earth”. B. Goodness! Ancient Chinese architecture is profound and meaningful. 62 meridian [m.'ridi.n].. . . . n. 子午线，经线 . hierarchy ['hai.rɑ:ki]. . . . n. 等级制度 . everlasting [.ev.'lɑ:sti.]. . n. 永恒不变 . exclusively [iks'klu:sivli]. adv. 专门地,独有地 . review [ri'vju:]. . . . . . . v. 检阅 . abolish [.'b.li.]. . . . . . . v. 废除,废止 . symbolism ['simb.liz.m]. . n. 象征性，象征意义 drain [drein]. . . . . . . v. 排水 . aesthetic [i:s'θetik]. . . . . adj. 艺术性 . bronze [br.nz]. . . . . . . adj. 铜的 . cub [k.b]. . . . . . . . . n. 幼狮 . mythical ['miθik.l]. . . . . adj. 神话的 . statuette ['st.tju’et]. . . . n. 小雕像 . profound a sedan chair offending officials ward off the evil spirits [pr.'faund].. . . . adj. 深刻的，渊博的，深奥的 . 轿子 . 犯上的官员 . 辟邪 . the Meridian Gate 午门 Son of the Heaven 天子 the Imperial Palace Examination 殿试 the first top three outstanding scholars （进士中的）头三甲 the Five Phoenix Towers 五凤楼 the Ancestral Temple 太庙 Court Beating 庭杖 Inner Golden Water River 内金水河 the glazed tiles 琉璃瓦 the Gate of Supreme Harmony 太和门 prosperity of the royal family’s offspring 子嗣昌盛 the Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿 the Crown Prince 皇太子 the Pavilion of the Source of Literature 文渊阁 63 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace Qian and Kun 乾坤 Qian Trigram 乾卦 Kun Trigram 坤卦 Useful Expressions 1. Showing Places of Interest a. In front of you is... b. On your right you will see... c. Up ahead... d. On your left you will see... e. As we turn the corner here, you will see... f. In the distance... g. If you look up you will notice... h. Look to the east... i. To your west... j. In a few minutes we’ll be passing... k. We are now coming up to... l. As you will see... m. You may have noticed... n. Take a good look at... 2. Tourist Questions a. Is that the...you were talking about? b. Are we going to pass the...? c. Are we going to see any...? d. Is it on the right or the left? e. I don't see it. Can you point it out again? f. Did I miss it? g. Will we see it on the way back? 3. Explaining rules a. You are strictly forbidden from taking photographs inside the museum. b. Please stay on the marked path. c. I’m sure this goes unsaid, but remember to place all trash in the garbage bins. d. Please pay attention to the time. We don't want to keep the driver waiting. e. Classes are in session, so we need to keep our voices down. 64 f. The bus will be leaving at 5:00 p.m. sharp. g. You’ll have some free time to look around after lunch. h. Please meet back here in one hour. Flashback 1. Describe the layout of the Forbidden City. 2. Why was the Forbidden City also called the Purple Forbidden City? 3. What are the wall and the moat surrounding the Forbidden City? 4. Make a brief introduction to the Meridian Gate. 5. Make a brief introduction to the Chinese culture of color and number. Pre-reading questions 1. What is the central north-south axis in the Forbidden City? 2. Why is there no single tree in the square in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony? The Outer Court and Inner Palace The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation. The most important buildings are situated on the central north-south axis. Beyond the Gate of Supreme Harmony, there stands the Hall of Supreme Harmony. It stands along the north-south axis on the triple marble terrace. Each terrace is higher than the other, encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. The dragon and phoenix were symbols of the emperors and the empresses respectively. You’ll find 18 bronze incense burners, representing the 18 provinces of China during the Qing Dynasty. Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are the Hall of Middle Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, also known as the Throne Hall, was first built in 1420. It is the largest existing hall of wooden structure in China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties 65 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace here used to be the place where the emperors had grand ceremonies as well as the important festival celebrations. For example, the new emperors’ enthronement ceremonies, emperors’ birthdays and wedding ceremonies and other important occasions such as the Winter Solstice, the Chinese New Year, the dispatch of generals to battles, and so on. On such occasions there would be the imperial guard of honor standing in front of the hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35 meters high with a double-layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Right in the center of the hall stands a red sandalwood platform about 2 meters high. The emperor’s gilded throne, carved with nine dragons, is placed on the platform. Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes, two elephant-shaped incense burners and two tripods in the shape of mythical beast. The pillars, encircling the platform, are decorated with coiled dragons. Above the throne is the gold painted caisson ceiling. In the middle of the ceiling is the design of a dragon playing with a pearl. The pearl, so-called “Xuanyuan Mirror” was made of glass and painted with mercury, which represents orthodox succession. It was believed that “Xuanyuan Mirror” was a symbol of the emperor who was the legitimate successor. It was also a symbol to subdue fire. The floor is paved by “golden bricks”. The hall is heavily painted with dragons and has an aura of solemnity and mystery. The Hall of Middle Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperors rehearsed for ceremonies. It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held. Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with mountain cliffs, sea weaves, clouds and dragons carved in relief. The marble, about 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor’s sedan was carried up or down the terrace. It is the largest piece of stone carving in the imperial palace. The Gate of Heavenly Purity leads to the Inner Palace. The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of 66 the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Palace of Union and Peace, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Hall of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. After the emperor’s death, his coffin was placed here for a period of mourning. The Palace of Union and Peace was the empress’s throne room, where the empress held the important ceremonies and her birthday celebration. The Palace of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first three days here after their wedding. Behind these three halls lies the Imperial Garden. Relatively small, and compact in design, the garden nevertheless contains several elaborate landscaping features. To the north of the garden is the Gate of Divine Prowess, the north gate of the imperial palace. Distributed to the east and west of the three rear palaces are a series of self-contained courtyards and minor palaces, where the emperor’s concubines lived. The Hall of Mental Cultivation is located on the southern end of the Six Western Palaces. Originally a minor palace, after Qing Emperor Yongzheng moved his living quarters here, this palace had become the most important building besides the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. 1. the triple marble terrace 三层大理石基座 2. the Throne Hall 金銮殿 3. It is the largest existing hall of wooden structure in China. 它（太和殿）是中国现存最大的木质结构建筑。 4. emperor’s enthronement ceremony 皇帝登基大典 5. dispatch of generals to battles 派将出征 6. a double-layered roof 重檐庑殿顶 7. a red sandalwood platform about 2 meters high 一个大约两米高的紫檀木基座 8. the emperor’s gilded throne, carved with nine dragons 皇帝的雕龙鎏金宝座 9. coiled dragons 盘龙 10. the caisson ceiling 藻井 11. Xuanyuan Mirror 轩辕镜 67 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace 12. “Xuanyuan Mirror” was a symbol of the emperor who was the legitimate successor. 轩辕镜是个象征物，证明皇帝是法定继承人。 13. an aura of solemnity and mystery 一种庄严和神秘的氛围 14. a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief 巨型云龙浮雕丹陛 15. the Hall of Mental Cultivation 养心殿 16. turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs 成为会客厅，用来接见外国使者和处理国事 17. the Gate of Divine Prowess 神武门 Flashback 1. Fill in the form with the information about the decorations in the Palace Museum. Architecture Name in Chinese Function Symbol Bronze Lions Bronze Incense Burners Sundial Grain Measure Dragon-headed Tortoise Bronze Cranes Mythical Animal Status Big Bronze Vats Elephant-shaped Incense Burners Luduan Xuanyuan Jing Imperial Seals Clepsydra (water clock) Nine Dragon Screen 2. The design of the Forbidden City, from its overall layout to the smallest detail, was meticulously planned to reflect philosophical and religious principles, and above all to symbolize the majesty of imperial power. Please try to explain the symbolic designs in the following architectures. a. Almost all roofs in the Forbidden City bear yellow glazed tiles. b. The main halls of the Outer and Inner courts are all arranged in groups of three. c. The residences of the Inner Court on the other hand are arranged in groups of six. d. The Forbidden City was built along the central north-south axis of Bejijing, with the 68 Prospect Hill at the back, the Alter of Land Grain (Shejitan) to its west and the Supreme Ancestral Temple (Taimiao) to its east. 3. Make a brief introduction to the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. Fengshui and the Traditional Chinese Architectures Ancient Chinese architecture has a long history and great achievements, and created many architectural miracles. During the process of development, superior architectural techniques, unique artistic designs and the prominent connotation of Chinese culture combined to make Chinese architecture one of the three greatest architectural systems. (The other two are European and Islamic architectural systems.) Architecture and culture are tightly related to each other. In a sense, architecture is a carrier of culture. Styles of ancient Chinese architecture are rich and varied, as can be seen from its temples, imperial palaces, altars, pavilions, official residences and common homes, which greatly reflect ancient Chinese thought. The highest ideal was harmonious unity between human beings and nature. Without a doubt, you can learn a lot about Chinese culture facts by studying its architecture. Fengshui is regarded as a unique practice in Chinese architectural culture, which is a Chinese ideology deeply rooted in ancient beliefs and myths. It is defined as a kind of arranging the human and social world in auspicious alignment with the forces of the cosmos, including Qi and Yin-Yang. Fengshui, as a special Chinese tradition in architecture,usually links the whole process from site selection, designing, construction and interior and exterior decorating in ancient times. It’s a traditional Chinese philosophy that directs the process of architectural construction on the basis of principles contained within the Book of Change. There are three principles of Fengshui: The unity of human beings with nature, the balance of Yin and Yang, and the attraction and repulsion of five elements - metal, wood, water, fire and earth. These principles are set up to help people pursue good fortune and avoid disaster, thus improving their living standard. Qi, deemed as the basic element of the physical world in ancient Chinese philosophy, is the essence of Fengshui. To be specific, Qi is seen as a mystical drive greatly influencing people’s daily life. At first, they used the rules of Qi simply to choose the locations of their 69 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace houses and graves. By following these rules, they believed well-being would knock at the door, otherwise bad luck would befall. Fengshui has strict requirements on the proper positioning of the central axis in building cities. Generally speaking, the central axis should run from north to south, with its north end pointing directly to a mountain running from east to west. The mountain is regarded as the guardian of the city. A winding river around the city is believed to be an auspicious feature. The Forbidden City was built strictly abiding by these rules. Fengshui is a great treasure of Chinese traditional culture. It embodies a simple recognition of nature by our Chinese ancestors. Though there are many people who believe it’s a kind of superstition, its wisdom can be made use of to enhance our lives. Flashback 1. What is Fengshui? 2. What is the use of Fengshui in architecture? 3. Try to recognize the shapes of Eight Diagrams in Fengshui. Qian Kun Zhen Xun Li Kan Gen Dui 1. Listen to six short recordings about the different buildings in the Forbidden City. Then decide which building the speaker mentioned with the help of word box. The Hall of Imperial Peace The Palace of Cultivation of Happiness The Gate of Divine Prowess The Palace of Gathering Elegance The Palace of Heavenly Purity The Gate of Heavenly Purity a. _____________ b. ______________ c. _____________ d. _____________ e. ______________ f. _____________ 70 2. Listen to the story about “Power behind the throne”, and then fill in the blanks with the missing words. The Hall of Mental Cultivation a Chamber is of historical interest because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi gave audiences behind a b or controlled power behind the throne for many years, a political phenomenon which was previously c of in the records of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). When Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne in 1862 at the age of d , Empress Dowager Cixi and Ci’an (the first empress of Xianfeng) both sat on a throne in the room, which was separated from the emperor’s throne by a screen, to assist him in the conduct of e . This practice continued when Emperor Guangxu succeeded to the throne in 1875 at the age of four. But with the sudden death of Ci’an one morning in 1881, state power passed entirely into the hands of the Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Ci’an was believed to be poisoned to death by Cixi. Cixi effectively held the power and ruled China for as long as f years. However, she had to stay behind the screen all the time because at that time in China women were not supposed to be in the Outer Court or to hold any public positions. Do you agree with the following statements? If not, please give your answer. 1. On February 12th, 1912, Empress Dowager Longyu, the empress of Emperor Guangxu, had to issue the imperial edict in declaring the abdication in the Hall of Mental Cultivation. 2. Emperor Qianlong had a collection of three precious outstanding water paintings which he kept in “Room of Three Rare Treasures”. 3. There are three Nine Dragon Screens in China. 4. The Banquet of Thousand Aged People was held two times in the Qing Dynasty. 5. Qianlong was not the only emperor who abdicated voluntarily in Qing Dynasty. 6. The Imperial Palace Exam was held once every three years in Qing Dynasty. 7. On October 10th, 1925, the whole complex of Forbidden City was converted into a museum and opened to the public. 8. There were a total of 10 Ming Emperors who lived and handled state affairs in the Forbidden City. 1. No matter where you start to count the nine dragons, from left or from right, the first one, the fifth one and the ninth one are all a yellow color which represents the supreme imperial power of the emperor. 2. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Hall of 71 Unit Five The Palace Museum—The Tour of Imperial Palace Ancestral Worship was the place to worship the tablets of the emperor’s ancestors. 3. The purpose for the imperial exams was to select the ministers and high-ranking officials from those Confucian scholars. 4. The Qing Dynasty was overthrown by the 1911 Revolution led by Dr. Sun-Yat-Sen. 5. 在紫禁城外城墙的四个拐角各有一个独特的复 杂的建筑,在过去都有重兵把守。这四个角楼每个都有 9 梁、18 柱、72 脊。每一个数都是 9 或是 9 的倍数， 而三个数加起来正好等于 99。 How to Deal with the Tourists’ Getting Lost during Sightseeing In case of avoiding a tourist getting lost during the tour, the tour guide should remind tourists to remember the name of the travel service, the license of the tour bus, the name and the telephone number of the hotel and so on. During the tour, the tour guide should inform guests of the re-meet time, place and the coach number. If this kind of accident happens, the tour guide should * report to the concerned police station and the travel agency; * check with the hotel to see if the guest has returned; * settle down the aftermath; * submit the report on the details of the accident; * continue to guide the tour while the escort and tour leader should search the lost guest immediately. Unit Six The Summer Palace— The Tour of Imperial Garden In this Unit, you will learn to Summarize the history and importance of the Summer Palace Tell the function of each main building in details Explain typical styles of Chinese gardens Prevent tourists from getting lost during sightseeing I. The layout of the Summer Palace is based on the Chinese traditional legendary style of gardening, “A big pool with three hills” (一池三山). Do you know what it stands for? And what are the four great essential factors of the traditional Chinese gardens? II. Listen to the brief introduction to the Summer Palace carefully and fill in the blanks with the missing information you have heard from the CD. Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located in the ___1___suburb of Beijing. It is the best-preserved and largest ancient ___2___ garden with the highest cultural value in the world. It covers an area of over 290 hectares (716 acres), three quarters of which is under water. The grand palace is home to over 3,000 ancient architectures in different styles, including towers, pavilions, ____3___ and verandas. According to the function, the Summer Palace can be divided into palace and garden areas. The palace area includes rooms for political activities and ____4____ for the emperors and empresses, while the garden area mainly consists of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was 73 Unit Six The Summer Palace—The Tour of Imperial Garden rebuilt in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1888 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy and other sources. ____5____ two years later as Yihe Yuan or the Garden of Health and Harmony, it was supposed to serve as a ____6____ for the Empress Dowager Cixi. Known also as the Summer Palace, it was ravaged by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers that invaded Beijing in 1900. The damage was repaired in 1902. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Today, it has taken on a completely new look. The design of the Summer Palace is a great achievement, blending the northern and southern art of the garden buildings together. It embodies the ____7____ of the southern garden and the grandeur of the northern style. The Chinese architecture styles find their finest expression in the Summer Palace. Hence it has long been regarded a virtual ____8____ of traditional Chinese gardening. In 1998, it was put on the list of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. Thank you for your attention! III. Observe the map below and identify each scenic spot and its location. Then try to memorize the following recommended tour routes. 74 1. The palace area of the Summer Palace the East Palace Gate → the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity → the Garden of virtuous Harmony → the Hall of Jade Ripples → the House of Fragrant Herbs → the Hall of Happiness and Longevity 2. The scenic spots in front of the Longevity Hill of the Summer Palace Long Corridor → the architectural complex on the central axis of the Longevity Hill → east side of the front of the Longevity Hill (the Garden of Harmonious Interest) → the west side of the front of the Longevity Hill ( the Hall of Listening to Orioles and Marble Boat) 3. The view points around the Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace the West Dyke → the East Dyke → the Islands on the Kunming Lake pavilion [p.'vilj.n]. . . . . . . . n. 亭，阁 . veranda [v.'r.nd.]. . . . . . . n. 走廊 . ripple ['ripl]. . . . . . . . . . . n. 波纹 . misappropriate ['mis.'pr.uprieit]. . v. 盗用 . dowager ['dau.d..]. . . . . . . n. （遗孀）贵妇 ambassador [.m'b.s.d.]. n. 大使；使节 . ravage [ r.vid.]. . . . . . . . v. 毁坏，掠夺 . undergo [ .nd.'g.u]. . . . . . . vt. 经历 . renovation [ ren.'vei..n]. . . . . n. 翻修;更新 . blend [blend]. . . . . . . . . . vt. 混合 . grandeur be home to summer resort raze to the ground ['gr.nd..]. . . . . . . n. 雄壮 . 某地是…的聚集地 . 避暑胜地 . 夷为平地 . the Garden of Clear Ripples 清漪园 the East Palace Gate 东宫门 the Garden of virtuous Harmony 德和园 the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity 仁寿殿 the Hall of Jade Ripples 玉澜堂 the House of Fragrant Herbs 宜芸馆 the Hall of Happiness and Longevity 乐寿堂 Long Corridor 长廊 the West Dyke 西堤 the East Dyke 东堤 75 Unit Six The Summer Palace—The Tour of Imperial Garden Conversation 1. The Palace Area Wang Yi, a professional guide, is showing Ms. Green, an American tourist, around the Summer Palace. Now they are in front of the East Palace Gate. (A: Wang Yi B: Ms. Green) A: Here we are. This is the world-famous Summer Palace. B: I’m looking forward to visiting the royal garden for a long time. I’m so excited. A: This is the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance and also the front entrance to the Summer Palace. The central gate was used exclusively by the emperors and the empresses in the old days, which was called “the Imperial Gateway”. B: Then how about other people? A: Only through the small gates at the two sides. B: Who would have thought there would be so many rules even for the gates? （after they enter the gate） A: We are now in the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. B: One, two…oh, five huge rocks in total. Wang, could you tell me why there are so many rocks in the courtyard? 76 A: Sure. They are called Taihu Rocks, because they were transported from Taihu Lake in Wuxi City, the southern part of China. The largest one is called Rock of Longevity, the other four rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. These five Taihu Rocks are altogether called the “Five Old Men Peaks”, symbolizing the scenery of the five peaks at Mount Lushan, a symbol of longevity. B: I can’t see the longevity, but I like the natural beauty of the rock. A: Ms. Green, I have to say you got the point. This is why most of the imperial gardens in China were decorated with Taihu rocks. B: Wang, what’s that bronze beast in the center of the courtyard? It looks so strange, the head of a dragon, the antlers of a deer, the hooves of an ox, the tail of a lion and the body of a fish with scales all over it. A: It is called Bronze Qilin. You know, the Qilin is an auspicious animal in ancient Chinese legends. It was placed here because the emperor believed that it could detect any disloyal subjects. B: I see. And this must be the Hall of Benevolence and longevity. A: Yes. This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were here. B: So the hall was a political area in the Summer Palace. A: You can say that again. Can you see the throne over there at the center of the Hall? B: It seems to be carved with the dragon design, doesn’t it? A: Yes, it is carved with the nine-dragon design, symbolizing the supreme power of the emperor. And behind the throne, there are two big fans on both sides, which are made of peacock feathers, which would never fade. Behind the throne，there is a big screen with 226 Chinese characters of “longevity” written in different forms of calligraphy. B: It is gorgeous and elaborate, indeed. A: It was a special birthday gift to the Empress Dowager Cixi. Now look ahead, a big plaque hung above the throne with four Chinese characters. B: What does it mean? A: It means he who shows benevolence in running the government can live a long life. 77 Unit Six The Summer Palace—The Tour of Imperial Garden B: It must have met Empress Dowager Cixi’s expectation of a long life. A: Yes, longevity is the core in this garden. (looking at two scroll paintings on each side of the wall) B: What are those paintings? A: It was known as “100 bats holding the character longevity.” Each scroll painting painted with a big Chinese character “longevity” with 100 bats and colorful clouds in the background. B: Why a bat? How ugly! A: That’s because the pronunciation of the word “bat” in Chinese is the same as the word “Fu”, meaning happiness. B: I see. That’s homophone. A: Yes. Let’s head for the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, which is also called the Great Theater Building. B: Theater Building? Can we enjoy opera there? A: That’s true, but in the old days, not today. It was the place where Peking operas were performed for Empress Dowager Cixi. B: Oh, what a splendid building! Wang, could you say something about the layout of the building? A: Well, this three-story great theatre is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three floors, which stand for happiness, emolument and longevity respectively. In the ceiling and on the floor there are some trapdoors for the performers to fly down from the upper part and appear from the lower part. There is also a well with five ponds built under the stage for realistic water scenes and for acoustic sound effects. B: It’s so impressive. I can see how luxurious life the Empress Dowager Cixi had. A: I can’t agree with you more. Please follow me. Let’s go and enjoy a great view. (A lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall of Jade Ripples) B: We are now standing in the middle of a rockery and it seems that there’s nothing special ahead. A: Please be patient and follow this zigzag path. Trust me. B: Wow. What a beautiful view! Wang, you are great. A: Not me. It contributes to the art of Chinese traditional gardening. The scene of Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill suddenly appear in front of us, which makes you overwhelmed. This is a kind of Chinese gardening technique called “block views”. 78 B: I appreciate your extensive knowledge very much. A: Thank you. Look, this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the Hall of Jade Ripples. It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. It was also here that Emperor Guangxu of the late Qing Dynasty was kept under house arrest by his mother, the Empress Dowager Cixi, after the failure of the Reform Movement in 1898. Emperor Guangxu had been kept for ten years until his death. See the two rocks facing to each other. They are known as “the Mother and Son Rocks”. B: Mother and son. What a tragedy story! A: Let’s go and visit the Hall of Happiness and Longevity, the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi. B: All right, let’s go. A: Here we are. Look, this is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity, the major building in the living quarters. It consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side. The whole complex was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. B: Yes, with its quiet and tasteful layout, the whole courtyard is bright, open, fresh, charming and elegant, which has a strong atmosphere of royal family life. Conversation 2. The Front Hill Area Wang Yi and Ms. Green are strolling along the Long Corridor to the next scenic spot in the Summer Palace, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. ( A: Wang Yi B: Ms. Green) B: It must be the famous Long Corridor. I’ve seen it many times on postcards. A: Yes. As the longest corridor in China, it starts from the Gate of Greeting the Moon in the east and ends at Shizhang Pavilion in the west, covering a distance of 728 meters with 273 sections. (looking at paintings on the crossbeams of the Long Corridor) 79 Unit Six The Summer Palace—The Tour of Imperial Garden B: Wow, it is really long. What are these paintings? I don’t understand them at all. A: These colorful paintings consist four kinds: landscapes and scenic spots; beautiful flowers and birds; Chinese architectures; human figures and classical stories. It’s not easy to understand all of them. B: Anyway, I think the paintings of the corridor are delicate and scenes are fine. A: Ms. Green, you know the Long Corridor was built on the slope of the hill. Did you notice the rises and falls of the terrain? B: No, I can hardly notice that. How could it be? A: As a matter of fact, the Long Corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of Longevity Hill and four octagonal, double-eave pavilions, symbolizing four seasons of a year, were all built on the junctions of rises and falls, twists and turns. Thus you will not feel the rises and falls or the twists and turns when you are walking along the long corridor. B: Oh, I see. The structure of the Long Corridor is really unique. It separates the mountain and lake and it’s a shelter against the wind and sun while people enjoy the sights. A: Exactly. Now we are approaching the center of the Long Corridor which intersects at the central axis of Longevity Hill. This area is the most magnificent area in the Summer Palace because of its distinctive layout. There lies in succession the Gate of Dispelling Clouds, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and the Tower of Buddhist Incense. All of them are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor. This was designed to give prominence to the last one, the Tower of Buddhist Incense. B: That sounds so exciting. I can hardly wait to see what they look like. A: Let’s go and visit the Hall of Dispelling Clouds first. B: Wang, I found the buildings here were built with the walls painted in red and the roofs covered with yellow-glazed tiles. However, the roofs of buildings in other area were covered with grey tiles. What’s the matter? A: Good question. Yellow and red were colors of imperial authority. Ever since ancient times, yellow color has always been regarded as denoting supremacy by rulers of various dynasties. According to the theory of Five Elements in ancient China, yellow, referring to 80 the earth that occupies the central position, represents supreme imperial power in the center. Hence, most of the roofs in the Forbidden City were covered by yellow tiles. However, the Summer Palace is the royal garden, and grey tiles wouldn’t spoil the whole atmosphere in this garden. The Hall of Dispelling Clouds is an exceptional to show its importance. B: Oh, I see. Then what’s this grand building for? A: It is the place where Empress Dowager Cixi accepted greetings from officials on the day of her birthday celebration. B: I can well imagine the scene of the grand ceremony of Empress Dowager Cixi’s birthday. A: Yes. On that day, Empress Dowager Cixi sat aloft on the nine-dragon throne in this hall and all the important civil and military officials kowtowed to her. Now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the Summer Palace, the Tower of Buddhist Incense. B: I was told that the structure of the Tower of Buddhist Incense is quite complicated and regarded as a magnificent building of extremely high artistic standard. A: Yes. It is a three-storied octagonal wooden tower, 41 meters high with a four double-eave pointed roof, supported by 8 pillars inside. What’s more, the basement was built with stones nearly 21 meters high. B: Incredible! I could hardly imagine how people could construct such a brilliant tower in ancient time? A: It is a hard job. This is a typical religious architecture. Empress Dowager Cixi used to come and worship gods here on the 1st and 15th day of each lunar month, when she was living in the summer palace. Now we can have a close look at the tower. (On a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense) A: Here we are able to view the scenery below on the Kunming Lake and have a panoramic view over the Summer Palace. B: Wow, what a great view! A: Yeah. We can see the long and snaking West Dyke and a shorter dyke that divide the