考研英语考前冲刺10套卷(2015)第页(共22页)
Model Test 1
考生注意事项
1答题前,考生必须在答题卡和答题纸指定位置上填写考生姓名、报考单位和编号,同时在答题卡上涂写考生编号的信息点。
2选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,非选择题的答案必须写在答题纸指定位置上。写在其他地方无效。
3填(书)写部分必须使用蓝(黑)色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔,涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔。
4考试结束,将答题卡、答题纸和试题一并装入试题袋中交回。
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?1 an event takes place, newspapers are on the street 2the details3 anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news
Newspapers have one basic 4, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it
Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers So did the development of magazines and other means of communication 7 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations Today more newspapers are 9and read than ever before Competition also led newspapers to 10out into many other fields Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, todays newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious11Newspapers influence readers economic choices 12 advertising Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very13Newspapers are sold at a price that 14even a small fraction of the cost of production
The main15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising The16 in selling advertising depends newspapers value to advertisers This17 in terms of circulation How many people read the newspaper?
Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspapers pages But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information20the community, city, county, state, nation and world—and even outer space
1 A Just whenB WhileC Soon afterD Before
2 A to giveB givingC givenD being given
3 A WhereverB WhateverC HoweverD Whichever
4 A reasonB causeC problemD purpose
5 A makeB publishC knowD write
6 A anotherB otherC one anotherD the other
7 A HoweverB AndC ThereforeD So
8 A valueB ratioC rateD speed
9 A spreadB passedC printedD completed
10 A provokeB jump C step D branch
11 A mattersB affairsC thingsD events
12 A onB throughC withD of
13 A formsB existenceC contentsD purpose
14 A tries to coverB manages to coverC fails to coverD succeeds in
15 A sourceB originC courseD finance
16 A wayB meansC chanceD success
17 A measuresB measuredC is measuredD was measured
18 A somewhatB littleC muchD something
19 A offeringB offeredC which offeredD to be offered
20 A byB withC atD about
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Like so many things of value, truth is not always easy to come by What we regard as true shapes our beliefs, attitudes, and actions Yet we can believe things that have no basis in fact People are capable of embracing horrific precepts that seem incredible in retrospect In Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler had millions of followers who accepted his delusions about racial superiority As Voltaire put it long before Hitlers time, “Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities”
We are surrounded by illusions, some created deliberately They may be subtle or may affect us profoundly Some illusions, such as films and novels, we seek out and appreciate Others can make us miserable and even kill us We need to know if particular foods that taste perfectly fine can hurt us in the short term (as with Salmonella contamination) or in the long term (cholesterol), whether a prevalent virus is so dangerous that we should avoid public places, and what problems a political candidate may cause or resolve if elected Gaining insights about the truth often is a challenge, and misconceptions can be difficult to recognize
We often believe stories because they are the ones availableMost people would identify Thomas Edison as the inventor of the incandescent light bulb Although Edison perfected a commercially successful design, he was preceded in the experimentation by British inventors Frederick de Moleyns and Joseph Swan, and by American JW Starr
The biggest enemies of truth are: people whose job is to sell us incomplete versions of the available facts, our willingness to believe what we want and the simple absence of accurate information Companies advertising products on television do not describe the advantages of their competitors products any more than a man asking a woman to marry him encourages her to date other men before making up her mind It is a social reality that people encourage one another to make important decisions with limited facts
Technology has simplified and complicated the factgathering process The internet allows us to check facts more easily, but it also disburses misinformation Similarly, a belief that videos and photos necessarily represent reality ignores how easily they can be digitally altered Unquestioning reliance on such forms of media makes us more susceptible to manipulators: those who want to deceive can dazzle us with a modem version of smoke and mirrors
21 According to Voltaire,
AHitler was obsessed with violenceB irrational ideas may be spread widely
Cirrational ideas may lead to violenceD Hitler was misled by racism
22 Paragraph 2 shows that
Atruth is hard to get due to misconceptions
Bpublic health deserves much attention
Cpolitical elections have profound impact
Dillusions are helpful in gaining new insights
23 By mentioning Thomas Edison, the author seems to emphasize that
Abusiness successes may cover the truth
Bcommercial activities may involve cooperation
Cirrational ideas may influence technological progress
Dmisconceptions may be due to lack of information
24 Advertising and making a marriage proposal are similar in that both
Aencourage fair competitionB give partial information
Cattack their enemiesD take advantage of peoples hesitation
25 The boldfaced word “disburses” in Paragraph 5 probably means
AspreadsB disturbsC falsifiesD corrects
Text 2
All art booms are different The previous one ended in 1989, when Japanese buyers withdrew from the Impressionist market Interest rates rose in the slump that followed; there were plenty of sellers but no buyers Today the reverse is true Buyers are looking to diversify into alternative assets The only problem is the sellers There is plenty of money about, but little to buy
It should follow, then, that buyers will snap up anything But that is not quite the case, as the Old Master sales at Christies in London on December 8th showed only too well In the recent sales the best pieces sold brilliantly, and the rest hardly at all The best included a rare Raphael drawing, and an elegant selfportrait by Sir Anthony van Dyck Many of the leading dealers were present, including Philip Mould, known as the BBCs “art detective”, Alfred Bader, a rich American artmarket broker; and the heirs to two important artdealing businesses, William Noortman and Simon Green
Van Dycks oval shaped self portrait, painted in 1640, the year before he died, had been in the same family for almost 300 years Mr Mould joined forces with Mr Bader to try and win the painting Young Mr Noortman, the underbidder who was trying to buy the picture for stock, did not stand a chance The winning bid was £74m, nearly three times van Dycks previous auction record
The last lot in Christies sale was a black chalk drawing, less than a foot square, by Raphael, an early 16thcentury Italian master It is the study of a head for one of the Greek muses Its beauty, rarity and the sense that the study may well have been used by the artist himself when working on a larger painting drew collectors from far wide
Christies had estimated the study would fetch £ 12m16m Bidding opened at £85m, with three buyers on the telephone Jennifer Wright, Christies New Yorkbased drawings specialist, made a final bid for the Raphael of £26m—a world record for a work on paper
After the sale, Christies international cohead, Richard Knight, was quick to point out that, at £684m5 theirs had been the biggest Old Master sale ever “This result shows what a very solid market this is,” he said But that took no account of the failures, which were considerable Fifteen of the 43 lots in Christies auction failed to sell at all
26 Unlike 1989, today, the art market is characterized by an increase of
AsalesB pricesC buyersD supplies
27 Christies sale showed that
Amany of the paintings were left on the shelf
Bportraits were in greater demand than others
Cbuyers all found their favorite pieces
Dsellers worried little about selling their lots
28The selfportrait of Sir Anthony van Dyck was
Akept in one home for three centuries
Bonce sold for about 25 million pounds
Cput up for auction for the first time
Dwon by two American art dealers
29 Raphaels drawing at the sale was undoubtedly
Athe portrait of the artist himself
Bthe part of a larger painting
Cthe copy of a Greek sculpture
Dthe only one in the world
30 It can safely be concluded that the Old Master sale mentioned
Areflected a very solid market
Bhad both wins and losses
Cturned out to be a total failureDsold more works than any other auctions
Text 3
When David Hayden realized his company was heading for trouble, he took drastic measures to get it back on track
David Hayden founded his company, Critical Path, an email provider, in 1997 to take advantage of the boom in email traffic Critical Path became a public company two years later, and Hayden took the opportunity to step down from his executive position in order to work on personal projects At the same time, he agreed to stay with the company as chairman, but the business was put in the hands of new managers by its investors With sector leading products and an expanding market, the company seemed to be on the up and up However, by early 2001, it was in trouble Shares that had been worth $26 in 1999, when they were first sold, were down to a mere 24 cents Called in by a panicking board, Hayden found himself back in charge as Executive Chairman, trying desperately to rescue what he could The 1,100 staff had lost confidence in the company and did not know what was going to happen to them And, as Hayden discovered, the management team was incompetent“Those guys didnt understand the product or the sector,”says Hayden“The heads of department didnt communicate and they didnt lead” But what was worse, Critical Path had lost the goodwill of its investors
Hayden knew that bringing the figures under control would be a vital step in the companys turnaround“Youve got to sort out the finances For me, that meant getting back the goodwill of the investors That was tough, after what had happened But although they were angry with the company, they didnt have bad feelings about me I told them that I knew I could get the company on its feet again” He was authorized to make whatever changes were required, and his first act was to find people within the company he could trust and put them in charge
The next thing Hayden had to tackle was morale“Everyone left the office at five on the dot—they couldnt get away quickly enough To get the buzz back and win the staff over, I had to prove my own commitment and put in extra hours with them” In return, it was assumed that nobody would ask for overtime pay until the company was on its feet again Contrary to normal practice, Hayden was reluctant to lay people off, and apart from not replacing people as they reached retirement age, he left the workforce largely unchanged, although he did identify key people throughout the company who were given more responsibility
But, as Hayden insists, before a company reaches such a crisis, there are warning signs that any financial director or accountant should take note of“A business that has an unrealistic pricing policy or has to negotiate extended credit with its suppliers is in trouble,” is his message“Or if you often have to apply for your overdraft limit to be raised or have trouble paying tax on time, something needs to be done”
By 2003, the company was healthy again, with reasonably stable finances and a modest but steady share price of $160“One thing that helped save us was that our technology worked,” says Hayden“With 20 million email accounts, we never lost a single major client because the product kept on working” With ideas for a fresh venture demanding his attention elsewhere, Hayden has moved on“It was time to go,” he says“Im not a turnaround specialist I prefer startups”
31 Which of the following situations did Hayden face at Critical Path in 2001?
A The employees were worried about job security
B The investors were calling for changes to the company structure
C The management was misleading the staff about the companys position
D The board of directors did not realize the scale of the companys problems
32 One reason Hayden was able to turn Critical Path around was that
A he managed to find new investors
B the financial situation was not as bad as he had thought
C he had built up a good relationship with the management team
D he was given the support that he needed
33 What was Haydens policy regarding the staff of Critical Path?
A He paid overtime to everybody who worked outside office hours
B He reduced the workforce by operating an early retirement scheme
C He gave key staff the opportunity to help him set goals for the company
D He restored motivation by showing willingness to work alongside staff
34 According to Hayden, what could indicate that a business is in trouble?
A Problems keeping accounts up to date
B Suppliers refusing to offer new credit terms
C A frequent need to increase the amount borrowed
D Difficulties in getting payment from customers on time
35 Hayden left Critical Path after he had rescued the company because
A he wanted to develop the technology for a new internet service
B he wanted to concentrate on founding a new enterprise
C he had been offered a job with a major internet company
D he decided to go into partnership with a major client
Text 4
As dusk falls, kerosene stoves ignite in the poorer kitchens of Delhi Sengeni, who lives on an alley wedged between the Nizamuddin railway tracks and a tributary known as ganda nallah (or dirty ditch), is looking forward to a dish of rice He is entitled to a quota of 11 litres of cheap kerosene every fortnight, which he buys for about nine rupees (23 cents) a litre, compared with a freemarket rate of about 25 rupees The price hasnt changed for months, he says, despite the surge in oil prices
In India, as in many countries, the government dares not allow the rising price of crude oil to be felt in the common mans pockets Only a third of the 48 developing countries studied in an IMF review let the market set fuel prices The governments of Yemen and Indonesia, for example, spent more holding down the price of fuel than they spent on health and education combined Attempts to raise energy prices—as in Yemen in 2005, Nigeria in 2000 or Indonesia in 1998—have a sorry record of prompting riots and revolutions
Indias government subsidises kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) directly It keeps other fuels, such as diesel, artificially cheap by the simple expedient of stopping state oil companies from raising their prices These firms keep themselves afloat with “oil bonds”, which the government guarantees but does not enter on its books In October, for example, the government announced it would issue bonds worth 235 billion rupees this fiscal year, which will compensate oilmarket companies for about 43% of their losses All told, Indias fuel subsidies might cost as much as S|175 billion this year, according to Lombard Street Research, a British firm of economists That amounts to as much as 2% of the countrys GDP
Cheap kerosene fires the poor mans stove in Indias cities and lights his home in the countrys villages More prosperous city folk cook instead with more refined gases Thus a kerosene subsidy can at least claim to be progressive as well as expensive This is more than can be said for Indias cheap LPG According to Bharat Ramaswami of the Indian Statistical Institute, the richer half of Indias urban population captures about threequarters of this subsidy Unfortunately, about half of Indias subsidised kerosene never makes it to household stoves, he says It is diverted to the black market, where it is either sold at a higher price or used to adulterate diesel, which sells for about 30 rupees per litre
This then poses an acute dilemma for the government The subsidies are costly Yet more expensive kerosene would hurt the poor (not to mention the governments own electoral prospects) And if it kept kerosene cheap while letting diesel rise in price, it would only increase the scope forarbitrage between the two
Not all fuel in India is subsidised By the Nizamuddin rail tracks, a gaggle of children warm themselves on a chilly night by burning scraps of wood One thickskinned showoff waves his foot in the flames for a foolhardy second Indias fragile government, on the other hand, is in no mood to play with fire
36 The word “sorry” (Line 5, Paragraph 2) probably means
A apologizingB negativeC feeling badDunsatisfactory
37 Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Indias subsidies on fuel?
A The subsidiesmainly go to the state oil companies
B The subsidy policy is executed by companies that maintain low prices
C Diesel is subsidized through“oil bonds”
D Half of the subsidized fuel is sold to the black market
38The dilemma for the government is caused by
A the costly subsidies
B the fixed kerosene price
C the price gap between the kerosene and diesel
D the rise in diesel price
39 Indias government is in no mood to play with fire because
A it subsidizes kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) directly
B not all of the fuel issubsidized in India because the rich population does not need it
C it is facing a difficult dilemma whether to continue fuel subsidy or not
D it is too costly to subsidize all the fuel
40 Towards the fuel subsidization in India, the authors attitude can be said to be
A supportiveB positive
C neutralD negative
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about selling your own product via the net Choose the most suitable heading from the list AF for each numbered paragraph (4145) The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered There is one extra heading which you do not need to use Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
[A] Design your web page:
[B] Price your product/service:
[C] Contact your familiar people:
[D] Perform a survey:
[E] Market your product online:
[F] Find your own product:
If there is one thing I have learned trying to make money online, it is this: you will succeed if you have your own unique product
This might be your own ebook or even a tangible product that you think might sell well on the Internet As you probably know, information is what sells best online Do you have unique information or a very specific area of expertise? Even if you answer “yes”, you must also ask yourself: Is there an online market for my product/service? Otherwise, you may be putting forth a lot of time, money, and effort for little gain
Lets take these one at a time:
41
I had a hard time with this one I was not really expert at anything To me, an “expert” is a person who knows a subject so well that he can teach or publish a book on the subject There are many socalled “marketing gurus” on the Internet Most of these guys were just lucky to have the foresight to see the Internet as a place where they could sell products I wish I had started back in 1995 or 1996 You will notice that most of the “big” names in online marketing started back then Timing is everything Ask yourself: what do you know better than anyone else? What can you offer online that would be of value to a specific group of customers? Can you make things with your hands or with tools? Can you write well? What did you do in the offline world? Can any of this expertise be translated to the Internet? As mentioned above, information is the bestselling online item today It will probably remain this way for the foreseeable future
42
Hopefully, you already have newsletter subscribers or some sort of option list If so, you can simply send a survey to each one of them Make it very simple, just yes or no answers Ideally, just have them be able to click on one link for “yes”, and another link for “no” Try not to ask more than five questions Keep your language simple A lot of my newsletter subscribers are not from the United States
If you are just starting out, you may have to find an Ezine that relates to your product or service If you are lucky, you will get enough responses to come to a logical conclusion You need at least 25 (this is very minimum) If you dont get at least this many, try another Ezine Once you have all your responses together, throw out any widely divergent answers
43
If you ask how much people would be willing to pay for your products, and most answer in the range of $50$60, then this is a range you can trust You must throw out the two guys willing to pay $80 and $100, as well as the three persons who would only pay $25, $30, and $35 With these five divergent opinions, I am assuming you have at least 20 persons willing to pay $50$60 for your product/service
44
Now its time to think about your web page design If you are not artistic at all, I would urge you to hire a reasonably priced web site designer The saying “first impressions are important” is even more important on the Internet My own sites have been very plain and unexciting, and had that “homemade” look about them Do yourself a favor and hire a professional when you are ready
45
Think how best to do this Its not just search engines Look for specific Ezines whose subscribers might be interested in your products For example, if you are offering doll houses for sale (that you make), advertise in dollhouse Ezines and dollhouse web sites You will find your most “likely to buy” customers in these places
And of course, different people have different ways to do business All of the above are just my suggestions resulting from my own experience and I hope you can get something useful from them At last wish all of your online business make satisfying progress and go on smoothly as you expected
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2(10 points)
People attach the label “genius” to such diverse characters as Leonardo Da Vinci, Bobby Fischer and Toni Morrison The varied achievements of such individuals beg the question: what defines a genius?(46) People have longequated genius with intelligence, but it is more aptly characterized by creative productivity Such exceptional output depends on a combination of genetics, opportunity and effort Nobody can be called out for outstanding contributions to a field without a lot of hard work, but progress is faster if you are born with the right skills Personality also plays a role (47)If you are very open to new experiences and if you have psycho