Report on Organ Transplantation Development in China (2015-2018) offers a comprehensive account of the evolution and major accomplishments of China's organ donation and transplantation system since 2015, detailing its shift from a judiciary-based framework to a voluntary, citizen-led model. It showcases the implementation of a fair, transparent, and traceable organ allocation mechanism built around the China Organ Transplant Response System (COTRS), along with advances across five critical domains: donation, procurement, transplantation, quality control, and oversight.

Furthermore, the report documents China's historic progress in establishing a legal and ethical framework for organ transplantation that aligns with international standards, demonstrating the country's unwavering commitment to fostering a donation culture while elevating both the quality and volume of transplant procedures. Backed by verified data and growing international acknowledgment, the report articulates what has come to be recognized as the "China Model" and "China Experience" in transplantation—offering substantive evidence and a actionable reference for strengthening China's role in global transplant discourse and its engagement in worldwide ethical governance.

HUANG Jiefu, former President of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, former Vice Minister of Health, former Deputy Director of the Central Healthcare Committee (ministerial level). He currently serves as Chairman of the National Organ Donation and Transplantation Committee, Chairman of the China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation, Dean of the Institute for Hospital Management at Tsinghua University, and Professor of Surgery at Peking Union Medical College and Tsinghua University. He has edited 16 surgical monographs, published 607 academic papers, chaired over 80 academic conferences, and received eight national and ministerial-level scientific and technological awards. He has been honored with the National May Day Labor Medal, the National Outstanding Returnee Award, the Bethune Medal from the Ministry of Health. In 2008, he received the Significant Contribution Award from The Transplantation Society (TTS), followed by the WHO World No Tobacco Day Award in 2013. That same year, he was awarded honorary doctoral degrees by the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Metropolitan University. In 2015, he received the GUSI International Peace Prize and the Special Contribution Award of the Wu Jieping Medical Award, the most prestigious medical accolade in China. In 2017, he was granted the Major Contribution Award by the Red Cross Society of China. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, a Fellow of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, a Chinese member of The Transplantation Society, and a Chinese council member of the Asian-Pacific Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association. Additionally, he holds visiting or honorary professorships at numerous renowned universities worldwide, including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Sun Yat-sen University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Sydney.

Chapter 1 Organ Allocation and Sharing in China ………………… 51

1.1 Distribution of medical institations for organ donation and

transplantation ………………………………………………… 53

1.2 Organ donation ………………………………………………… 55

1.3 Patients waiting for organ transplantation …………………… 58

1.4 Utilization of organs …………………………………………… 60

1.5 Summary and prospects ……………………………………… 61

Chapter 2 Liver Transplantation in China …………………………… 63

2.1 Distribution of medical institutions for liver transplantation … 63

2.2 Data of liver transplant recipients ……………………………… 66

2.3 Quality and safety analysis of liver transplantation …………… 67

2.4 Summary and prospects ……………………………………… 71

Chapter 3 Kidney Transplantation in China ………………………… 74

3.1 Distribution of medical institutions for kidney transplantation 74

3.2 Data of kidney transplant recipients …………………………… 80

3.3 Quality and safety analysis of kidney transplantation ………… 81

3.4 Summary and prospects ……………………………………… 83

Chapter 4 Heart Transplantation in China ………………………… 86

4.1 Distribution of medical institutions for heart transplantation … 86

4.2 Data of heart donors and transplant recipients ………………… 88

4.3 Quality and safety analysis of heart transplantation …………… 91

4.4 Summary and prospects ……………………………………… 94 Chapter 5 Lung Transplantation in China …………………………… 96

5.1 Distribution of medical institutions for lung transplantation …… 96

5.2 Data of lung donors and transplant recipients ………………… 98

5.3 Quality and safety analysis of lung transplantation …………… 101

5.4 Summary and prospects ……………………………………… 104