Report on Organ Transplantation Development in China (2019) provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and institutional advancements in China's organ donation and transplantation system. It systematically details the progress made since reforms began in 2006—spanning legal frameworks, ethical practices, and international alignment.

The report highlights China's organ transplantation model, which is built around voluntary public donation and supported by the China Organ Transplant Response System (COTRS), ensuring transparency, equity, and full traceability. It further outlines a coordinated national framework driven by government leadership, inter-agency collaboration, sectoral initiative, and public engagement.

The report also documents notable achievements during China's current phase of high-quality development in transplantation, including steady increases in donation and transplant volumes, world-class advances in surgical techniques, and continued improvements to logistical mechanisms such as the organ transport "green channel".

Supported by detailed data and international recognition, the report presents the "Chinese Approach" to organ transplantation as a credible and influential model in global health governance. It serves as both a substantive reference and a practical guide for strengthening China's role in international discourse and in the development of worldwide ethical standards for transplantation.

HUANG Jiefu, former President of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, former Vice Minister of Health, former Deputy Director of the Central Healthcare Committee (ministerial level). He currently serves as Chairman of the National Organ Donation and Transplantation Committee, Chairman of the China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation, Dean of the Institute for Hospital Management at Tsinghua University, and Professor of Surgery at Peking Union Medical College and Tsinghua University. He has edited 16 surgical monographs, published 607 academic papers, chaired over 80 academic conferences, and received eight national and ministerial-level scientific and technological awards. He has been honored with the National May Day Labor Medal, the National Outstanding Returnee Award, the Bethune Medal from the Ministry of Health. In 2008, he received the Significant Contribution Award from The Transplantation Society (TTS), followed by the WHO World No Tobacco Day Award in 2013. That same year, he was awarded honorary doctoral degrees by the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Metropolitan University. In 2015, he received the GUSI International Peace Prize and the Special Contribution Award of the Wu Jieping Medical Award, the most prestigious medical accolade in China. In 2018, he was granted the Major Contribution Award by the Red Cross Society of China. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, a Fellow of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, a Chinese member of The Transplantation Society, and a Chinese council member of the Asian-Pacific Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association. Additionally, he holds visiting or honorary professorships at numerous renowned universities worldwide, including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Sun Yat-sen University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Sydney.

Chapter 1 Human Organ Allocation and Sharing in China ………… 45

1.1 Distribution of medical institations for organ

donation and transplantation ……………………………………… 47

1.2 Organ donation ………………………………………………… 48

1.3 Patients waiting for organ transplantation ……………………… 52

1.4 Utilization of organs …………………………………………… 55

1.5 Summary and prospects ………………………………………… 56

Chapter 2 Liver Transplantation in China …………………………… 58

2.1 Distribution of medical institutions for liver transplantation …… 5

2.2 Data of liver transplant recipients ……………………………… 61

2.3 Quality and safety analysis of liver transplantation …………… 61

2.4 Summary and prospects ………………………………………… 64

Chapter 3 Kidney Transplantation in China ………………………… 67

3.1 Distribution of medical institutions for kidney

transplantation ………………………………………………… 67

3.2 Data of kidney transplant recipients …………………………… 74

3.3 Quality and safety analysis of kidney transplantation ………… 75

3.4 Summary and prospects ………………………………………… 77

Chapter 4 Heart Transplantation in China …………………………… 80

4.1 Distribution of medical institutions for heart transplantation …… 80

4.2 Demographic characteristics of heart transplantation

recipients ………………………………………………………… 82

4.3 Quality and safety analysis of heart transplantation …………… 83

4.4 Summary and prospects ………………………………………… 85

Chapter 5 Lung Transplantation in China …………………………… 87

5.1 Distribution of medical institutions for lung transplantation …… 87

5.2 Demographic characteristics of lung transplantation recipients … 89

5.3 Quality and safety analysis of lung transplantation …………… 92

5.4 Summary and prospects ………………………………………… 94