Acknowledgement1
Chapter 1Introduction1
1.1Language and Literature: A Special Relation2
1.1.1The Opposition3
1.1.2The Rapprochement5
1.1.3The Language of Literature and Literary Language7
1.1.4Literature as Text and as Discourse12
1.2Why Pragmastylistics?15
1.2.1The Concerns of Pragmatics18
1.2.2The Tasks of Stylistics20
1.2.3The Trouble with Stylistics22
1.2.4Pragmastylistics as an Interdisciplinary Approach32
1.3Why Drama?41
1.3.1Drama as Art44
1.3.2Drama as Theatrical Art45
1.3.3Drama as Literary Art48
1.3.4Drama as Verbal Art50
1.4Why Absurd Drama, or
Theª²Theatreª²ofª²theª²Absurd Plays?52
Chapter 2The Interpersonal Rhetoric58
2.1Pragmatics: Rhetorical and Interpersonal58
2.1.1Rhetoric and the Rhetorics60
2.1.2Interpersonality61
2.2The Cooperative Principle64
2.3The Politeness Principle76
2.4Cooperativeness and Politeness80
2.5Issues Concerning Interactional Models83
2.5.1Relevance and the Cooperative Principle84
2.5.2Principles and Maxims86
2.5.3Prescriptivity and Descriptivity88
2.5.4Universality90
2.6Interpersonal Rhetoric in and of Literature92
Chapter 3The Pragmastylistics of Drama101
3.1The Study of Drama101
3.1.1The Play Text: Dramatic or Theatrical?102
3.1.2The Object of Study: Text or Performance?104
3.2The Language of Plays106
3.2.1Stage Directions as Part of Drama107
3.2.2Dialogue as Communication110
3.2.3Fictional Dialogue and Natural Conversation111
3.3Communication in and of the Play114
3.4Characteristics of Communication in
theª²Theatreª²ofª²theª²Absurd Plays122
3.5Existing Models of Analysis129
3.6Approaches Taken in the Present Study136
Chapter 4Interpersonal Relationships in The Lesson138
4.1The Writerª²Reader Relationship142
4.2Characterª²Character Relationship149
4.2.1The Professorª²Pupil Relationship151
4.2.2The Professorª²Maid Relationship158
4.2.3The Maidª²Pupil Relationship166
4.2.4Violence and Sexuality167
4.3Language and Patterns of Communication173
Chapter 5Violation and Observance of Maxims
in The Bald Soprano180
5.1Violations on the Macroª²Level of Communication184
5.2Violations on the Microª²Level of Communication196
5.2.1Nonverbal Feedback198
5.2.2Illogical Discourse Control200
5.2.3Silence and Delayed Response204
5.2.4Phatic Communion and Relevance206
5.2.5Nonsense and Communicative Incompetence208
5.3Summary211
Chapter 6The ¡°Gap¡± in The Gap215
6.1The Set: The Playwright Tells and Shows218
6.2Episode One: The Wife and the Friend219
6.3Episode Two: The Academician Fails223
6.4Episode Three: The Academician and the Outside
World233
6.5Summary234
Conclusion238
Bibliography245
Index260
ºó¼Ç266
