Unit 1Introduction: Translation and Translation Techniques
概论:翻译与翻译技巧 1
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述1
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练2
I. Important Role of Translation 翻译的重要作用4
II. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围6
III. Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则和标准7
IV. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译8
V. Translation Techniques 翻译技巧种种12
Reflections and Practice 思考与练习13
Unit 2Diction遣词用字17
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述17
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练18
I. Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word
Level 英汉词字层次上的对等关系22
1. WordforWord Correspondence 词字对等22
2. One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same
Meaning多词同义22
3. One Word with Several Equivalents of Different
Meanings一词多义22
4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another词义交织23
5. Words without Equivalents无对等词语23
II. Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an
English Word英语词义辨析法 24
1. Judging from the Word Formation
根据构词法辨别词义24
2. Judging from the References
根据指代关系辨别词义24
3. Judging from the Context and Collocation
根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义25
4. Judging from Different Branches of Learning and
Specialties根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义26
III. Techniques of Translating a Given English Word
英语词语翻译技巧27
1. Deduction推演法27
2. Transplant移植法27
3. Extension引伸法28
4. Substitution替代法28
5. Explanation释义法28
6. Combination合并法28
7. Transliteration音译法29
8. Pictographic Translation图形法29
IV. Diction in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉译英的选词用字29
Reflections and Practice思考与练习31
英汉互译实践与技巧(第二版)目录Unit 3Amplification增词法35
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述35
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练36
I. Amplification in EnglishChinese Translation
增词法在英汉翻译中的运用40
1. Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original
增添原文所省略的词语40
2. Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives
增添必要的连接词语40
3. Amplification by Supplying Words to Convey the Concept
of Plurality用增词法表达出复数概念40
4. Amplification by Supplying Words to Make an Abstract
Concept Clear用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚41
5. Amplification by Logical Thinking 逻辑性增词41
6. Amplification by Supplying Words of Generalization
概括性增词 41
7. Amplification for Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence
从修辞和连贯角度考虑增词 42
8. Amplification by Repetition重复性增词42
II. Amplification in ChineseEnglish Translation
增词法在汉英翻译中的运用42
1. Adding Necessary Pronouns
增添必要的代词42
2. Adding Necessary Articles
增添必要的冠词43
3. Adding Necessary Connectives
增添必要的连接词语43
4. Adding Necessary Prepositions
增添必要的介词43
5. Adding Necessary Background Words
增添必要的背景词语43
Reflections and Practice思考与练习44
Unit 4Omission省略法47
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述47
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练48
I. Omission in EnglishChinese Translation
省略法在英汉翻译中的运用51
1. Omitting the Pronoun 代词的省略51
2. Omitting the Article 冠词的省略52
3. Omitting the Preposition 介词的省略52
4. Omitting the Conjunction 连词的省略52
5. Omitting the Verb 动词的省略53
6. Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”
非人称代词“It”的省略53
II. Omission in ChineseEnglish Translation
省略法在汉英翻译中的运用53
1. Omitting Redundant Words 省略冗词赘语54
2. Omitting Words of Conceptual Category
省略概念范畴类词语54
3. Omitting Meticulous Description
省略过详的细节描述54
Reflections and Practice思考与练习55
Unit 5Conversion转换59
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述59
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练60
I. Conversion in EnglishChinese Translation
英译汉的常用词类转换形式62
1. Converting into Verbs转换成动词63
2. Converting into Nouns转换成名词64
3. Converting into Adjectives转换成形容词65
4. Converting into Adverbs转换成副词66
5. Conversion of Sentence Elements句子成分的转换66
II. Conversion in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉译英的词类转换67
1. Converting Verbs into Other Parts of Speech
汉语动词转换成其他词类67
2. Conversion between Other Parts of Speech
其他词类的相互转换68
Reflections and Practice思考与练习69
Unit 6Restructuring结构调整73
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述73
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练74
I. Different Word Order in English and Chinese
英汉语言的词序差异77
1. Interrogative inversion疑问倒装78
2. Imperative inversion命令倒装78
3. Exclamatory inversion惊叹倒装78
4. Hypothetical inversion假设倒装78
5. Balance inversion平衡倒装78
6. Link inversion衔接倒装78
7. Signpost inversion点题倒装78
8. Negative inversion否定倒装79
9. Metrical inversion韵律倒装79
II. Restructuring in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译中的结构调整79
1. Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations
不同的词语习惯表达顺序 79
2. Different Sequences in Customary Sentence Arrangement
不同的句式安排顺序80
3. Adverbial Clauses in a Complex Sentence
复合句中的状语从句80
4. Cases Involving Adverbials 状语的词序调整80
5. “That”Clause Used as a Judgment or Conclusion
作为判断或结论的“That”从句的结构调整81
III. Restructuring in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译中的结构调整81
Reflections and Practice思考与练习82
Unit 7The Passive Voice被动语态85
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述85
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练86
I. The Passive Voice in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译中的被动语态90
1. Converting the Passive Voice into the Active Voice
被动语态转为主动语态90
2. Converting the Passive Structure into a Subjectless
Sentence 被动语态转为无主句91
3. Keeping the Passive Structure Unchanged
被动语态保持不变91
4. Replacing the Passive Voice Replaced by Other Structures
被动语态用其他结构代替92
II. The Passive Structures in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译中的被动结构92
1. Chinese Sentences with Passive Labels
带有被动标签的汉语句子93
2. Chinese Sentences without Passive Labels
不带被动标签的汉语句子93
3. Converting Chinese “Active” Structures into English Passive
Structures汉语“主动”结构转为英语被动结构94
4. Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressions
一些汉语习惯表达法的译法94
Reflections and Practice思考与练习95
Unit 8Affirmative vs. Negative肯定与否定99
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述99
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练100
I. Negation in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译中的正反交替103
1. Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese
英语为肯定式,汉语译作否定式103
2. Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese
英语为否定式,汉语译作肯定式104
3. Same English Word, with Either Affirmative or
Negative Equivalents in Chinese 同一英语词语,
既可译作肯定,又可译作否定105
4. Double Negative for Emphasis强调性的双重否定105
5. Roundabout Affirmative 间接的肯定结构105
6. Some Traps in Negative Structures 否定的陷阱106
II. Negation in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译中的正反交替107
1. Negation According to Usage
根据英语的习惯用法译作肯定或否定107
2. Negation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect
从强调或从修辞角度考虑译作肯定或否定108
3. Negation to Convey Exactly the Original Meaning
为表达出原文的确切意思译作肯定或否定108
Reflections and Practice思考与练习108
Unit 9Nominal Clauses名词性从句113
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述113
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练114
I. Translation of English Nominal Clauses
英语名词性从句的翻译117
1. Subject Clauses主语从句117
2. Object Clauses宾语从句117
3. Predicative Clauses表语从句118
4. Appositive Clauses同位语从句118
II. Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences
汉语复句的翻译120
1. Sentence Combination句子的合并120
2. Sentence Sequence 句序121
Reflections and Practice思考与练习122
Unit 10Attributive Clauses定语从句127
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述127
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练128
I. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive
Structures英汉定语结构的对比131
II. Restrictive Attributive Clauses限定性定语从句132
1. Combination合并法132
2. Division分译法133
3. Mixture混合法133
III. NonRestrictive Attributive Clauses
非限定性定语从句134
1. Division分译法134
2. Combination合并法135
IV. Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials
兼有状语功能的定语从句 136
1. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Cause译作汉语原因状语从句136
2. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Result译作汉语结果状语从句137
3. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Concession译作汉语让步状语从句137
4. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Conditiion译作汉语条件状语从句137
5. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of
Purpose译作汉语目的状语从句138
Reflections and Practice思考与练习138
XII英汉互译实践与技巧(第二版)目录XIIIUnit 11Adverbial Clauses状语从句143
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述143
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练144
I. Adverbial Clauses in English\|Chinese Translation
英语状语从句的翻译146
1. Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句147
2. Adverbial Clauses of Place 地点状语从句148
3. Adverbial Clauses of Cause 原因状语从句148
4. Adverbial Clauses of Condition条件状语从句149
5. Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句149
6. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的状语从句150
II. Translation of Adverbial Clauses in Chinese
汉语状语从句的翻译150
1. Analysis of Subordination分清主次关系150
2. Using Inanimate Subjects 使用无灵主语151
Reflections and Practice思考与练习151
Unit 12Long Sentences长句的翻译155
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述155
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练156
I. Long Sentences in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译中的长句处理158
1. Two Stages and Five Steps in Translating a Long
Sentence长句翻译的两个阶段和五个步骤159
2. Sample Analysis实例分析159
II. Long Sentences in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译中的长句处理 161
III. Methods of Translating Long English Sentences
英文长句的翻译方法163
1. Embedding内嵌法163
2. Cutting切分法164
3. Reversing倒置法165
4. Splitting拆分法165
5. Inserting插入法166
6. Recasting重组法167
Reflections and Practice思考与练习168
Unit 13English for Science and Technology
科技英语的翻译173
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述173
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练174
I. Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成177
1. Affixation缀合法177
2. Compounding复合法178
3. Blending缩合法178
4. Acronym首字母缩略179
5. Proper Nouns专有名词180
英汉互译实践与技巧(第二版)目录II. Characteristic Syntax of EST科技英语的句法特点180
1. More Long and Complicated Sentences
大量使用长句180
2. More Nominalization大量使用名词化结构181
3. Extensive Use of the Passive Voice
习惯使用被动语态182
4. More NonFinite Forms of the Verb
大量使用非限定动词183
5. Different Uses of the Tense时态的不同用法183
6. The Post\|Position of the Attributive
习惯使用后置定语183
III. Methods Employed in the Translation of EST
科技英语的翻译方法184
1. Expanding the Noun Phrase into a Separate Clause
将名词性短语扩展成汉语句子184
2. Converting the Noun Phrase into a VerbObject
Structure将名词性短语转换成动宾结构184
3. Converting Attributive Elements into Independent
Sentences, Adverbial Clauses, etc. 将定语成分
转换为独立句、状语从句等185
4. Converting the Passive into the Active
将被动转换为主动185
5. Supplementing Some Necessary Words
补充必要的词语185
Reflections and Practice思考与练习186
Unit 14Translation of Documentation文献的翻译189
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述189
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练190
I. Translation of Contracts and Agreements
合同与协议的翻译193
II. Translation of Proposals, Reports and Reviews
建议、报告与评论的翻译195
III. Translation of Patents and Trademarks
专利与商标的翻译198
IV. Translation of Copyright Documents
版权文献的翻译199
V. Translation of BidDocuments招标文献的翻译200
VI. Translation of Abstracts, Indexes and Bibliographies
摘要、索引与文献目录的翻译202
Reflections and Practice思考与练习206
Unit 15Application Documents for Studying Abroad
出国留学申请的翻译211
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述211
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练212
I. Asking for Application Forms for Admission
索要入学申请表213
II. Graduation Certification毕业证明的翻译214
III. Resume and Covering Letter个人简历及附信的翻译215
IV. Letters of Recommendation推荐信的翻译219
V. Personal Statement自我陈述的翻译220
Reflections and Practice思考与练习224
Unit 16Comprehensive Abilities through Comparative Studies
通过比较研究培养翻译综合能力229
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述229
I. Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages
from a Macroscopic View Point 英汉语言宏观对比230
1. Synthetic vs. Analytic 综合性语与分析性语 230
2. Compact vs. Diffusive 紧凑与松散231
3. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 形合与意合 231
4. Complex vs. Simplex 繁复与简单232
5. Impersonal vs. Personal 物称与人称 232
6. Passive vs. Active被动与主动233
7. Static vs. Dynamic 静态与动态 233
8. Abstract vs. Concrete 抽象与具体233
9. Indirect vs. Direct 间接与直接 234
10. Substitutive vs. Repetitive 替换与重复234
II. Practical Abilities Attained from Translation Studies and
Criticism通过比较研究和翻译批评提高实际能力234
1. Language Sensibility语感能力235
2. Contextual Analysis语境分析能力237
3. Logical Thinking逻辑思维能力239
Reflections and Practice思考与练习242
Appendix ATranslation Exercises for Independent Work
英汉互译独立作业练习247Appendix BKeys to Practical Translation Training and
Exercises实用翻译训练及练习参考答案273Appendix CKeys to Translation Exercises for Independent
Work英汉互译独立作业练习参考译文331Appendix DBibliography 参考书目357
