目录
英汉互译实践与技巧(第三版)
Unit 1Introduction: Translation and Translation Techniques绪论:翻译与翻译技巧1
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述1
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练2
I Important Role of Translation 翻译的重要作用4
II Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围5
III Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则标准6
IV Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译7
V Translation Techniques 翻译技巧种种11
Reflections and Practice 思考与练习12
Unit 2Diction遣词用字17
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述17
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练18
I Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word
Level英汉词字层次上的对等关系22
1 WordforWord Equivalence词字对等22
2 One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning
多词同义22
3 One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings
一词多义22
4 Equivalents Interwoven with One Another词义交织23
5 Words without Corresponding Equivalents
无相应对等词语23
II Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of a
Given Word 英语词义辨析法 23
1 According to Word Formation根据构词法确定词义23
2 According to the References根据指代关系确定词义24
3 According to the Context and Collocation
根据上下文或词的搭配确定词义25
4 According to Different Branches of Learning and
Specialties根据不同学科或专业门类确定词义26
III Techniques of Translating a Given English Word
英语词语翻译技巧26
1 Deduction推演法27
2 Transplant移植法27
3 Extension引申法27
4 Substitution替代法27
5 Explanation释义法28
6 Combination合并法28
7 Transliteration音译法28
8 Pictographic Translation图形法28
IV Diction in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉译英的选词用字29
Reflections and Practice思考与练习30
Uuit 3Conversion转换33
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述33
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练34
I Conversion in EnglishChinese Translation
英译汉的词类转换37
1 Converting into Verbs转换成动词37
2 Converting into Nouns转换成名词38
3 Converting into Adjectives转换成形容词39
4 Converting into Adverbs转换成副词40
5 The Conversion of Sentence Elements句子成分的转换40
II Conversions in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉译英的词类转换41
1 Converting Verbs into Other Parts of Speech
汉语动词转换成其他词类41
2 Conversions between Different Parts of Speech
各种词类之间的相互转换42
Reflections and Practice思考与练习43
Unit 4Amplification增词法45
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述45
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练46
I Amplification in EnglishChinese Translation
增词法在英汉翻译中的运用49
1 Putting in Words Omitted in the Original
加入原文所省略的词语49
2 Putting in Necessary Connectives加入必要的连接词语50
3 Putting in Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality
增词以表达复数概念50
4 Putting in Words to Indicate Different Tenses or Sequences
表现不同的时态或先后顺序50
5 Amplification by Logical Analysis 逻辑性增词50
6 Amplification for the Purpose of Rhetoric or Coherence
从修辞连贯角度考虑增词51
7 Amplification by Repetition重复性增词51
II Amplification in ChineseEnglish Translation
增词法在汉英翻译中的运用51
1 Adding Necessary Pronouns 增添必要的代词51
2 Adding Necessary Articles 增添必要的冠词51
3 Adding Necessary Connectives 增添必要的连接词语52
4 Adding Necessary Prepositions 增添必要的介词52
5 Adding Necessary Background Words
增添必要的背景词语52
Reflections and Practice思考与练习52
Unit 5Omission省略法55
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述55
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练56
I Omission in EnglishChinese Translation
省略法在英汉翻译中的运用59
1 Omitting the Pronoun 代词的省略59
2 Omitting the Article 冠词的省略59
3 Omitting the Preposition 介词的省略60
4 Omitting the Conjunction 连词的省略60
5 Omitting the Verb 动词的省略60
6 Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “it”
非人称代词“it”的省略60
II Omission in ChineseEnglish Translation
省略法在汉英翻译中的运用61
1 Omitting Redundant Words 省略冗词赘语 61
2 Omitting Words of Conceptual Category
省略概念范畴类词语61
3 Omitting Meticulous Descriptions
省略过详的细节描述62
Reflections and Practice思考与练习62
Unit 6Restructuring结构调整65
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述65
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练66
I Different Word Orders in English and Chinese
英汉语言的词序差异68
1 Different Modes of Thinking不同的思维模式70
2 Different Inversion Structures 不同的倒装结构70
II Restructuring in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译的结构调整71
1 Keeping the Original Sequence保持原文顺序71
2 Reversing the Original Sequence 颠倒原文顺序71
3 According to Time Sequence按时间顺序72
4 According to Logical Sequence按逻辑顺序72
III Restructuring in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译的结构调整73
1 Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations
不同的词语习惯表达顺序73
2 Restructuring in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译中的结构调整73
Reflections and Practice思考与练习74
Unit 7Affirmative vs Negative肯定与否定77
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述77
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练78
I Negation in EnglishChinese Translation
英译汉的正反交替80
1 Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese
英语为肯定,汉语译作否定81
2 Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese
英语为否定,汉语译作肯定82
3 Same English Word, Either Affirmative or
Negative Equivalents in Chinese译作肯定否定均可82
4 Double Negative for Emphasis强调性双重否定82
5 Roundabout Affirmative迂回式肯定83
6 Some Traps in Negative Structures 否定的陷阱83
II Negation in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉译英的正反交替84
1 Negation According to English Usage
根据英语习惯用法译作肯定或否定85
2 Negation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect
从强调或修辞角度考虑肯定或否定85
3 Negation to Convey Exactly the Original Meaning
用正反交替传达原文的确切意思85
Reflections and Practice思考与练习85
Unit 8The Passive Voice被动语态89
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述89
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练90
I The Passive Voice in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译的被动语态94
1 Converting the Passive Voice into the Active
被动语态转为主动语态94
2 Converting the Passive Voice into a Subjectless Sentence
被动语态转为无主句95
3 Keeping the Passive Structure Unchanged
被动语态保持不变95
4 Replacing the Passive Voice with Other Means
被动语态用其他手段代替96
II The Passive Structures in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉英翻译的被动结构96
1 Chinese Sentences with Passive Labels
带有被动标签的汉语句子97
2 Chinese Sentences without Passive Labels
不带被动标签的汉语句子97
3 Converting “Active” Structures into the Passive Voice
将主动结构转换为被动97
4The Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressions
一些汉语习惯表达的译法98
Reflections and Practice思考与练习98
Unit 9Nominal Clauses名词性从句103
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述103
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练104
I The Translation of English Nominal Clauses
英语名词性从句的翻译106
1 Subject Clauses主语从句106
2 Object Clauses宾语从句107
3 Predicative Clauses表语从句108
4 Appositive Clauses同位语从句108
II The Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences
汉语复句的翻译109
1 Sentence Combination句子的合并109
2 Sentence Sequence 句序110
Reflections and Practice思考与练习111
Unit 10Attributive Clauses定语从句115
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述115
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练116
I A Comparative Study of English and Chinese
Attributive Structures英汉定语结构的对比118
II Restrictive Attributive Clauses限制性定语从句119
1 Combination合并法119
2 Division分译法120
3 Mixture混合法121
III NonRestrictive Attributive Clauses非限制性定语从句121
1 Division分译法122
2 Combination合并法123
IV Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials
兼有状语功能的定语从句 123
1 Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Cause
译作原因句123
2 Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Result
译作结果句124
3 Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Concession
译作让步句124
4 Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Condition
译作条件句124
5 Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Purpose
译作目的句124
Reflections and Practice思考与练习125
Unit 11Adverbial Clauses状语从句129
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述129
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练130
I The Translation of English Adverbial Clauses
英语状语从句的翻译132
1 Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句133
2 Adverbial Clauses of Place 地点状语从句133
3 Adverbial Clauses of Cause 原因状语从句134
4 Adverbial Clauses of Condition条件状语从句135
5 Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句135
6 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的状语从句135
II Adverbial Clauses in Chinese Complex Sentences
汉语复句中的状语分句135
1 Discerning Subordination分清主从136
2 Using Inanimate Subjects 使用无灵主语136
Reflections and Practice思考与练习137
Unit 12Long Sentences长句的翻译141
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述141
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练142
I Long Sentences in EnglishChinese Translation
英汉翻译的长句处理144
1 Two Stages and Five Steps
长句翻译的两个阶段和五个步骤144
2 Sample Analysis实例分析144
II Methods of Translating Long English Sentences
英译汉长句的翻译方法146
1 Embedding内嵌法147
2 Dividing切分法147
3 Splitting拆分法148
4 Inserting插入法149
5 Recasting重组法150
III Long Sentences in ChineseEnglish Translation
汉译英的长句处理151
Reflections and Practice思考与练习153
Unit 13English for Science and Technology
科技英语的翻译159
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述159
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练160
I Formation of English Technical Terms
英语技术词语的构成162
1 Affixation缀合法163
2 Compounding复合法163
3 Blending缩合法164
4 Acronyms首字母缩略164
5 Proper Nouns专有名词165
II Characteristic Syntax of EST科技英语的句法特点166
1More Long and Complicated Sentences大量使用长句166
2 More Nominalization大量使用名词化结构167
3 Extensive Use of the Passive Voice
广泛使用被动语态167
4 More NonFinite Forms of the Verb
大量使用非限定动词168
5 Different Uses of the Tense时态的不同用法168
6 The PostPosition of the Attributive定语的后置168
III Methods of Translating EST科技英语的翻译方法169
1 Expanding the Noun Phrase into a Separate Clause
将名词性短语扩展成汉语分句 169
2 Converting the Noun Phrase into a Verbobject Structure
将名词性短语转换成动宾结构169
3 Converting Attributive Elements into Independent
Sentences, Adverbial Clauses, etc
将定语成分转换成独立句、状语分句等169
4 Converting the Passive into the Active
将被动转换成主动170
5 Supplementing Necessary Words to Indicate
Different Tenses增词以表示不同的时态170
Reflections and Practice思考与练习170
Unit 14The Translation of Documentation文献的翻译175
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述175
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练176
I The Translation of Contracts and Agreements
合同与协议的翻译178
II The Translation of Proposals, Reports and Reviews
建议、报告与评论的翻译180
III The Translation of Patents and Trademarks
专利与商标的翻译183
IV The Translation of Copyright Documents
版权文献的翻译185
V The Translation of BidDocuments招标文献的翻译186
VI The Translation of Abstracts, Indexes and Bibliographies
摘要、索引与文献目录的翻译188
Reflections and Practice思考与练习191
Unit 15Application Documents for Studying Abroad
出国留学申请翻译197
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述197
Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练198
I Asking for Application Forms for Admission
索要入学申请表199
II Graduation Certification毕业证明的翻译200
IIIRésumé and the Covering Letter
个人简历及附信的翻译201
IVLetters of Recommendation推荐信的翻译205
V Personal Statement自我陈述的翻译206
Reflections and Practice思考与练习209
Unit 16Comprehensive Abilities through Comparative Studies
通过比较研究培养翻译综合能力213
Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述213
I Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages
from a Macroscopic View Point 英汉语言宏观对比214
1 Synthetic vs Analytic 综合性与分析性214
2 Compact vs Diffusive 紧凑与松散215
3 Hypotactic vs Paratactic 形合与意合 215
4 Complex vs Simplex 繁复与简单215
5 Impersonal vs Personal 物称与人称216
6 Passive vs Active被动与主动216
7 Static vs Dynamic 静态与动态 217
8 Abstract vs Concrete 抽象与具体217
9 Roundabout vs Straightforward间接与直接 217
10Substitutive vs Repetitive 替换与重复218
II Practical Abilities Attained from Translation Studies and
Practice通过比较研究和实践提高翻译应用能力218
1 Language Sensibility语感能力218
2 Contextual Analysis语境分析能力220
3 Logical Thinking逻辑思维能力222
Reflections and Practice思考与练习224
Appendix ATranslation Exercises for Independent Work
英汉互译独立作业练习229
Appendix BKeys to Practical Translation Training and
Exercises实用翻译训练及练习参考答案263
Appendix CKeys to Translation Exercises for Independent
Work英汉互译独立作业练习参考译文319
Bibliography参考书目355
