About the Authors 1
序 3
Chapter 1
Vector Analysis 2
I.I Scalars and Vectors 2
1.2 Vector Algebra 3
1.3 The Rectangular Coordinate System 4
1.4 Vector Components and Unit Vectors 6
1.5 The Vector Field {)
1.6 The Dot Product l0
1.7 The Cross Product 12
1.8 0ther Coordinate Systems: Circular
Cylindrical Coordinates 14
1.9 The Spherical Coordinate Sysiem l9
References 23
Chapter 1 Problems 23
Chapter 2
Coulomb's Law and Electric
Field Intensity 28
2.1 The Experimental Law of Coulomb 28
2.2 Electric Field Intensity 31
2.3 Field Arising from a Continuous Volume
Charge Distribution 35
2.4 Field of a Line Charge 37
2.5 Field of a Sheer of Charge 41
2.6 Streamlines and Sketches of Fields 43
References 46
Chapcer 2 Problems 46
Chapter 3
Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law,
and Divergence 51
3.1 Electric Flux Density 51
3.2 Gauss's Law 55
3.3 Application of Gauss's Law: Some
Symmetrical Charge Distributions 59
3.4 Application of Gauss's Law: Differential
Volume Element 64
3.5 Divergence and Maxwell's First Equation 67
3.6 The Vector Operator V and the Divergence
Theorem 70
References 7:3
Chapter 3 Problems 74
Chapter 4
Energy and Potential 79
41 Energy Expended in Moving a Point Charge in
an Electric Field 80
4.2 The Line Integral Sl
4.3 Definition of Potential Difference
and Potential 86
4.4 The Potential Field of a Point Charge 88
4.5 The Potential Field of a System of Charges:
Conservative Property 90
4.6 Porential Gradient 94
4.7 The Electric Dipole 99
4.8 Energy Density in the Electrostatic
Field 104
References 108
Chapter 4 Problems 109
Chapter 5
Conductors and Dielectrics 114
5.1 Current and Current Density 115
5.2 Continuity of Current 116
5.3 Metallic Conductors 119
5.4 Conductor Properties and Boundary
Conditions 124
5.5 The Method of Images 129
5.6 Semiconductors 131
5.7 The Nature of Dielectric Materials 132
5.8 Boundary Conditions for Perfect
Dielectric Materials I 38
References 142
Chapter 5 Problems 143
Chapter 6
Capacitance 149
6.1 Capacitance Defined 149
6.2 Parallel-Plate Capacitor 151
6.3 Several Capacitance Examples 153
6.4 Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line 156
6.5 Using Field Sketches to Estimate
Capacitance in Two-Dimensional
Problems 160
6.6 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations 166
6.7 Examples of the Solution of Laplace's
Equation 168
6.8 Example of tHe Solution of Poisson's
Equation: Lhe p-n Junction Capacitance 175
References 178
Chapter 6 Problems 179
Chapter 7
The Steady Magnetic Field 187
7.1 Biot-Savart Law 187
7.2 Ampere's Circuital Law 195
7.3 Curl 202
7.4 Stokes' Theorem 209
7.5 Magnetic Flux and Magnetic Flux
Density 214
7.6 The Scalar and Vector Magnetic
Potentials 217
7.7 Derivation of the Steady-Magnetic-Field
Laws 224
References 230
Chapter 7 Problems 230
Chapter 8
Magnetic Forces, Materials,
and Inductance 238
8.1 Force on a Moving Charge 238
8.2 Force on a Differential Current Element 240
8.3 Force between Differential Current
Elements 244
8.4 Force and Torque on a Closed Circuit 246
8.5 The Nature of Magnetic Materials 252
8.6 Magnetization and Permeability 255
8.7 Magnetic Boundary Conditions 260
8.8 The Magnetic Circuit 263
8.9 Potential Energy and Forces on Magnetic
Materials 269
8.10 Inductance and Mutual Inductance 271
References 278
Chapter 8 Problems 278
Chapter 9
Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell's
Equations 286
9.1 Faraday's Law 286
9.2 Displacement Current 293
9.3 Maxwell's Equations in Point Form 297
9.4 Maxwell's Equations in Integral Form 299
9.5 The Retarded Potentials 301
References 305
Chapter 9 Problems 305
Chapter 10
Transmission Lines 311
10.1 Physical Description or Transmission Line
Propagation 312
10.2 The Transmission Line Equations 314
10.3 Lossless Propagation 316
10.4 Lossless Propagation of Sinusoidal
Voltages 319
10.5 Complex Analysis of Sinusoidal Waves 321
10.6 Transmission Line Equations and Their
Solutions in Phasor Form 323
10.7 Low-Loss Propagation 325
IO.S Power Transmission and The Use of Decibels
in Loss Characterization 327
10.9 Wave Reflection at Discontinuities 330
10.10 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 333
10.11 Transmission Lines of Finite Length 337
10.12 Some Transmission Line Examples 340
10.13 Graphical Methods: The Smith Chart 344
10.14 Transient Analysis 355
References 368
Chapter 10 Problems 368
Chapter 11
The Uniform Plane Wave 378
11.1 Wave Propagaition in Free Space 378
11.2 Wave Propagaition in Dielectrics 386
11.3 Poynting's Theorem and Wave Power 395
11.4 Propagation in Good Conductors:
Skin Effect 398
11.5 Wave Polarization 405
References 412
Chapter 11 Problems 412
Chapter 12
Plane Wave Reflection and
Dispersion 418
12.1 Reflection of Uniform Plane Waves
at Normal Incidence 418
12.2 Standing Wave Ratio 425
12.3 Wave Reflection from Multiple
Interfaces 429
12.4 Plane Wave Propagation in General
Directions 437
12.5 Plane Wave Relflection at Oblique Incidence
Angles 440
12.6 Total Reflection and Total Transmission
of Obliquely Incident Waves 446
12.7 Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media 449
12.8 Pulse Broadening in Dispersive Media 45t
References 459
Chapter 12 Problems 460
Chapter 13
Guided Waves 466
13.1 Transmission Line Fields and Primary
Constants 466
132 Basic Waveguide Operation 476
13.3 Plane Wave Analysis of the Parallel-Plate
Waveguide 480
13.4 Parallel-Plate Guide Analysis Using the Wave
Equation 489
135 Rectangular Waveguides 492
13.6 Planar Dielectric Waveguides 503
137 0ptical Fiber 510
References 519
Chapter 13 Problems 520
Chapter 14
Electromagnetic Radiation
and Antennas 525
14.1 Basic Radiation Principles: The Hertzian
Dipole 525
14.2 Antenna Specifications 532
14.3 Magnetic Dipole 537
14.4 Thin Wire Antennas 139
14.5 Arrays of Two Elements 147
14.6 Uniform Linear Arrays 551
14.7 Antennas as Receivers 555
References 562
Chapter 14 Problems 162
Appendix A
Vector Analysis 567
A.l General Curvilinear Coordinates 567
A.2 Divergence. Gradient. and Curl
in General Curvilinear Coordinates 568
A.3 Vector Identities 570
Appendix B
Units 571
Appendix C
Material Constants 576
Appendix D
The Uniqueness Theorem 579
Appendix E
Origins of the Complex
Permittivity 581
Appendix F
Answers to Odd-Numbered
Problems 588
第1章矢量分析2
l.l 标量和矢量2
1.2 矢量代数3
1.3 直角坐标系4
1.4 矢量的分量与单位矢量6
1.5 矢量场9
1.6 点乘10
1.7 叉乘12
1.8 其他坐标系:圆柱坐标14
1.9 球坐标系 19
参考文献23
习题23
第2章 库仑定律和电场强度 28
2.1 库仑实验定律28
2.2 电场强度3l
2.3 连续体电荷分布的场35
2.4 线电荷的场37
2.5 面电荷的场41
2.6 场线和场图43
参考文献46
习题46
第3章 电通量密度、高斯定理
和散度51
3.1 电通量密度51
3.2 高斯定理55
3.3 高斯定理的应用:几种对称电荷分布59
3.4 高斯定理的应用:体微元64
3.5 散度和麦克斯韦第一方程67
3.6 矢量算子V和散度定理 70
参考文献73
习题74
第4章 能量和电位79
4.1 电场中移动一个点电荷消耗的能量80
4.2 线积分8l
4.3 电位差和电位的定义 86
44 点电荷的电位场88
4.5 电荷系统的电位场:保守特性90
4.6 电位梯度94
4.7 电偶极子99
4.8 静电场的能量密度 104
参考文献 108
习题 109
第5章导体和介质 114
5.1 电流和电流密度 115
5.2 电流的连续性 116
5.3 金属导体 119
5.4 导体特性和边界条件 124
5.5镜像法129
5.6半导体1 31
5.7介质材料的性质1 32
5.8理想介质材料的边界条件 138
参考文献142
习题l43
第6章 电容 1 49
6.1 电容定义149
6.2平行板电容器151
6.3几个电容实例 153
6.4双导线电容156
6.5 二维问题中用电场图估算电容 160
6.6泊松和拉普拉斯方程 166
6.7拉普拉斯方程求解实例 168
6.8泊松方程求解实例:p一n结电容 175
参考文献 1 78
习题1 79
第7章恒定磁场 1 87
7.1 毕奥一萨伐尔定律 1 87
7.2安培环路定律 195
7.3旋度202
7.4斯托克斯定理209
7.5磁通和磁通密度214
7.6标量和矢量磁位217
7.7恒定磁场定律的推导224
参普文献230
习题230
第8章磁场力、材料和电感238
8.1 运动电荷所受的力 238
8.2微电流元所受的力 240
8.3 两个微电流元之间的力 244
8.4闭合电路所受的力和力矩246
8.5磁材料的性质252
8.6磁化和磁导率255
8.7磁边界条件260
8.8磁路263
8.9磁能和磁材料所受的力 269
8.10电感和互感271
参考文献278
习题278
第9章 时变场和麦克斯韦方程组286
9.1 法拉第定律286
9.2位移电流293
9.3麦克斯韦方程组的点(或微分)形式297
9.4麦克斯韦方程组的积分形式299
9.5推迟位301
参考文献305
习题305
第10章传输线31 1
10.1 传输线传播的物理描述312
10.2传输线方程314
10.3无损传播316
10.4正弦电压的无损传播319
10.5正弦波的复数分析321
10.6相量形式的传输线方程及其解323
10.7低损耗传播325
10.8损耗特性下的功率传输和
分贝的使用327
10.9 不连续处的渡反射330
10.10电压驻波比333
10.11有限长传输线337
10.12几个传输线实例340
10.13图解法:史密斯图344
10.14暂态分析355
参考文献368
习题368
第11章均匀平面波378
11.1 自由空间中的波传播378
11.2介质中的渡传播386
11.3坡印亭定理和波功率395
11.4 良导体中的传播:趋肤效应398
11.5波的极化405
参考文献412
习题412
第12章平面波反射和色散418
12.1 垂直入射时均匀平面波的反射41 8
12.2驻波比425
12.3 多个界面的渡反射429
12.4 一般方向的平面波传播437
12.5斜入射波角时的平面渡反射440
12.6斜入射波的全反射与全传输446
12.7 色散媒质中的波传播449
12.8 色散媒质中的脉冲变宽现象455
参考文献459
习题460
第13章导波466
13.1 传输线场和基本参数466
13.2 基本波导工作原理476
13.3 平行板波导的平面波分析480
13.4 用波方程进行平行板波导分析489
13.5 矩形波导492
13.6 平面介质波导503
13.7 光纤510
参考文献519
习题520
第14章 电磁辐射与天线525
14.1 基本辐射原理:赫兹偶极子525
14.2 天线描述参数532
14.3 磁偶极子537
14.4 细导线天线539
14.5 二元阵列天线547
14.6 均匀线性阵列天线551
14.7 作为接收器的天线555
参考文献562
习题562
附录A矢量分析567
A.l -般曲线坐标567
A.2 -般曲线坐标下的散度、梯度
和旋度568
A.3矢量恒等式570
附录8单位571
附录C材料常数576
附录D 唯一性定理579
附录E 复介电常数的根源 581
附录F奇数号习题答案588