目 录
Contents
项目1 初识C语言 ..................................................................................................1
任务1.1 C语言的发展历程与主要特点 ...........................................................................1
任务1.2 C语言程序的结构 ...............................................................................................3
任务1.3 程序的算法 ...........................................................................................................5
1.3.1 算法的概念 ........................................................................................................6
1.3.2 算法的描述 ........................................................................................................6
任务1.4 C语言程序的运行环境 .......................................................................................9
1.4.1 C语言程序的实现过程 ....................................................................................9
1.4.2 Visual C++ 6.0集成开发环境简介 ................................................................10
思考与练习 ...........................................................................................................................16
项目2 顺序结构程序设计 ......................................................................................18
任务2.1 数据的类型与运算 .............................................................................................18
2.1.1 数据类型 ..........................................................................................................18
2.1.2 常量与变量 ......................................................................................................19
2.1.3 运算符与表达式 ..............................................................................................22
任务2.2 C语句 .................................................................................................................28
任务2.3 数据的输入/输出 ..............................................................................................30
2.3.1 格式输入/输出函数 .......................................................................................31
2.3.2 字符输入/输出函数 .......................................................................................33
思考与练习 ...........................................................................................................................36
项目3 选择结构程序设计 ......................................................................................40
任务3.1 用if语句实现的选择结构 ................................................................................40
任务3.2 用switch语句实现的多分支结构 ....................................................................48
思考与练习 ...........................................................................................................................52
项目4 循环结构程序设计 .....................................................................................55
任务4.1 用while语句实现的循环结构 ..........................................................................55
任务4.2 用do.while语句实现的循环结构 ..................................................................58
任务4.3 用for语句实现的循环结构 ..............................................................................61
任务4.4 循环嵌套 .............................................................................................................65
任务4.5 break、continue语句的应用 .............................................................................68
思考与练习 ...........................................................................................................................71
项目5 数组的应用 .................................................................................................74
任务5.1 一维数组 .............................................................................................................74
任务5.2 二维数组 .............................................................................................................79
任务5.3 字符数组 .............................................................................................................83
5.3.1 字符数组的定义、初始化与引用 ..................................................................83
5.3.2 字符数组的输入/输出 ...................................................................................85
5.3.3 字符串处理函数 ..............................................................................................86
思考与练习 ...........................................................................................................................91
项目6 指针的应用 .................................................................................................94
任务6.1 指针与指针变量 .................................................................................................94
任务6.2 通过指针访问一维数组 .....................................................................................98
任务6.3 通过指针访问二维数组 ...................................................................................102
任务6.4 通过指针访问字符串 .......................................................................................105
6.4.1 指向字符串的指针变量 ................................................................................105
6.4.2 字符指针变量与字符数组的比较 ................................................................107
思考与练习 .........................................................................................................................110
项目7 函数与编译预处理 ....................................................................................113
任务7.1 函数的定义与调用 ...........................................................................................113
任务7.2 函数间的参数传递 ...........................................................................................120
任务7.3 变量的作用域和存储类别 ...............................................................................126
7.3.1 变量的作用域 ................................................................................................126
7.3.2 变量的存储类别 ............................................................................................127
任务7.4 内部函数和外部函数 .......................................................................................132
任务7.5 编译预处理 .......................................................................................................136
7.5.1 宏定义 ............................................................................................................136
7.5.2 文件包含 ........................................................................................................138
7.5.3 条件编译 ........................................................................................................139
思考与练习 .........................................................................................................................142
项目8 构造数据类型 ...........................................................................................146
任务8.1 结构体类型与结构体变量 ...............................................................................146
8.1.1 结构体类型的定义 ........................................................................................147
8.1.2 结构体变量的应用 ........................................................................................147
任务8.2 结构体数组 .......................................................................................................152
任务8.3 结构体指针 .......................................................................................................157
任务8.4 共用体类型 .......................................................................................................163
任务8.5 枚举类型 ...........................................................................................................166
任务8.6 用typedef定义类型 .........................................................................................169
思考与练习 .........................................................................................................................172
项目9 文件操作 ..................................................................................................177
任务9.1 文件的打开与关闭 ...........................................................................................177
任务9.2 文件的读写 ......................................................................................................181
任务9.3 文件的定位和检测 ..........................................................................................186
思考与练习 .........................................................................................................................190
参考文献 ................................................................................................................192
附录A 常用字符与ASCII码对照表 .....................................................................193
附录B C语言关键字 ...........................................................................................194
附录C 运算符的优先级和结合性 .........................................................................195
附录D 常用的库函数 ...........................................................................................197