朕 村
Chapter One The Introduction of
Accounting 1
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The Users of Accounting Information 3
1.2.1 External Information Users 4
1.2.2 Internal Information Users 5
1.3 The Accounting Process 5
1.4 Basic Accounting Principles 6
1.4.1 Accrual Principle 6
1.4.2 Conservatism Principle 7
1.4.3 Consistency Principle 7
1.4.4 Cost Principle 7
1.4.5 Economic Entity Principle 7
1.4.6 Full Disclosure Principle 8
1.4.7 Going Concern Principle 8
1.4.8 Matching Principle 8
1.4.9 Materiality Principle 8
1.4.10 Monetary Unit Principle 8
1.4.11 Reliability Principle 9
1.4.12 Revenue Recognition
Principle 9
1.4.13 Time Period Principle 9
1.5 Financial Statements 9
1.5.1 Balance Sheet 9
1.5.2 Income Statement 9
1.5.3 Cash Flow Statement 10
1.5.4 The Statement of Changes
in Equity 10
Words and Expressions 10
Notes 12
Supplementary Reading 12
Chapter Two Accounting Equation
and Double Entry
Accounting 18
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Accounting Equation 20
2.3 Double Entry Accounting 21
2.3.1 Debits and Credits in Common
Accounting Transactions 22
2.3.2 Examples of Double Entry
Accounting 23
Words and Expressions 25
Notes 25
Supplementary Reading 26
Chapter Three Accounting Cycle 30
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 Identify Transactions or Events
to Be Recorded 32
3.3 Journalize Transactions and Events 32
3.4 Posting from Journal to Ledger 33
3.5 Prepare Unadjusted Trial Balance 33
3.6 Journalize and Post Adjusting
Journal Entries 33
3.7 Prepare Adjusted Trial Balance 34
3.8 Prepare Financial Statements 34
3.9 Journalize and Post Closing Entries 35
3.10 Prepare Post-closing Trial Balance 35
Words and Expressions 36
Notes 36
Supplementary Reading 37
Chapter Four Current Assets 43
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 Cash and Cash Equivalent 45
4.3 Receivable 46
4.3.1 Accounts Receivable 46
4.3.2 Notes Receivable 47
4.4 Allowance Method 47
4.5 Inventory 48
4.5.1 Periodic Inventory System 49
4.5.2 Perpetual Inventory System 49
4.5.3 Inventory Measurement 51
Words and Expressions 53
Notes 54
Supplementary Reading 55
Chapter Five Non-current Assets 62
5.1 Introduction 63
5.2 Plant Assets 64
5.2.1 Measuring the Cost of
Long-term Assets 64
5.2.2 Depreciation 65
5.2.3 Changing the Salvage Value of
Depreciable Assets 69
5.3 Intangible Assets 70
5.3.1 Goodwill 71
5.3.2 Patent 71
5.3.3 Trademark and Trade Name 72
5.3.4 Franchise 72
5.3.5 Copyright 72
Words and Expressions 73
Notes 73
Supplementary Reading 74
Chapter Six Liabilities 79
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Current Liabilities 81
6.2.1 Accounts Payable 81
6.2.2 Notes Payable 82
6.2.3 Accrued Expenses 83
6.2.4 Unearned Revenue 83
6.2.5 The Current Portion of
Long-term Debt 83
6.2.6 Contingent Liabilities 84
6.3 Long-term Liabilities 85
6.3.1 Accrued Interest 85
6.3.2 Bonds Issued at Par with No
Accrued Interest 86
6.3.3 Bonds Issued at Par with
Accrued Interest 87
Words and Expressions 89
Notes 89
Supplementary Reading 90
Chapter Seven Owner¨s Equity 95
7.1 Introduction 96
7.2 Stock 97
7.2.1 Common Stock 97
7.2.2 Preferred Stock 99
7.3 Shareholder¨s Equity 100
7.3.1 Paid-in Capital 100
7.3.2 Retained Earnings 101
7.4 Dividends 102
7.4.1 Cash Dividends 102
7.4.2 Stock Dividends 103
7.4.3 Stock Split 105
Words and Expressions 106
Notes 106
Supplementary Reading 107
Chapter Eight Financial Statements 111
8.1 Introduction 112
8.2 Balance Sheet 113
8.3 Income Statement 115
8.3.1 The Multiple-step Income
Statement 115
8.3.2 The Single-step Income
Statement 117
8.4 Cash Flow Statement 118
8.4.1 Definition of Cash 118
8.4.2 Classification of Cash Flows 119
8.4.3 Basic Approach to
Preparation 120
Words and Expressions 121
Notes 122
Supplementary Reading 123
Chapter Nine Analysis of Financial
Statements 126
9.1 Introduction 127
9.2 Four Widely Used Analytical
Techniques 128
9.2.1 Dollar and Percentage
Changes 128
9.2.2 Trend Percentages 129
9.2.3 Component Percentages 130
9.2.4 Ratios 131
9.3 Limitations of Financial Ratio
Analysis 138
Words and Expressions 139
Notes 140
Supplementary Reading 140
歌深猟・ 144
