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Chapter 1Introduction
1.1Research background
1.1.1Significance of wastewater reclamation
and reuse
1.1.2Necessity of wastewater reclamation
and reuse
1.1.3Challenges of the existing disinfection
technology
1.2Electroporation disinfection
1.2.1Electroporation for biomedical application
1.2.2Electroporation for water disinfection
1.3Current research status of novel electroporation
disinfection
1.3.1Nanowireª²assisted electroporation for water
disinfection
1.3.2Current reactor for nanowireª²assisted
electroporation disinfection
1.3.3Methods for inª²situ nanowire fabrication
1.3.4Impact of the nanowire morphology on
electroporation disinfection
1.3.5Nanomaterial strengthening method and electrode
lifetime improvement method
1.3.6Treatment efficiency of nanomaterialª²enabled
disinfection technology for reclaimed
wastewater
1.4Research topics to be further investigated
1.5Research objective and content
1.5.1Research objective
1.5.2Research content
1.5.3Research roadmap
Chapter 2Development of nanowireª²modified electrodes and investigation
of the microbial inactivation performance
2.1Research background
2.2Experimental materials and methods
2.2.1Experimental reagents
2.2.2CuO nanowireª²modified copper foam electrodes
fabrication and disinfection device
construction
2.2.3Characterization of CuO nanowireª²modified
copper foam electrodes
2.2.4Microbes and water samples used in
experiments
2.2.5Nanowireª²assisted electroporation for microbial
disinfection
2.2.6Bacterial storage after nanowireª²assisted
electroporation disinfection
2.2.7Free chlorine detection and current detection
during nanowireª²assisted electroporation
disinfection
2.2.8Copper ion concentration detection
2.2.9Bacterial morphology analysis
2.2.10Bacterial staining experiments
2.3Fabrication of CuO nanowireª²modified copper
foam electrodes
2.4Disinfection efficiency of CuO nanowireª²modified copper
foam electrodes
2.4.1Disinfection efficiency of E.coli.
2.4.2Disinfection efficiency of E. faecalis, B.subtilis,
and secondary effluent from municipal wastewater
treatment plants
2.4.3Current fluctuations and free chlorine generation
during the disinfection process
2.5Bacterial inactivation mechanisms of nanowireª²assisted
electroporation disinfection
2.5.1Cell morphology analysis
2.5.2Bacterial staining analysis
2.6Bacterial population fluctuations during the storage
process after disinfection
2.6.1Bacterial population fluctuations during the
storage process
2.6.2Structural analysis of bacterial morphology
during storage after lowª²dosage nanowireª²assisted
electroporation disinfection
2.6.3Summary of the tendency of bacterial changes
during storage after disinfection
2.7Summary of this chapter
Chapter 3Effect of the nanowire morphology and electrode structure
on microbial inactivation
3.1Research background
3.2Experimental materials and methods
3.2.1Experimental reagents
3.2.2Preparation of porous electrodes modified with
nanowires of different morphologies
3.2.3Construction of nanowireª²assisted electroporation
disinfection devices with different electrode
structures
3.2.4Characterization of CuO nanowireª²modified
copper foam electrode
3.2.5Microbes and water samples used in
experiments
3.2.6Nanowireª²assisted electroporation for microbial
disinfection
3.2.7Investigation of the disinfection contribution
of positive and negative electrode and
optimization of the reactor design
3.3Investigation on the effect of CuO nanowire morphology
on bacterial disinfection
3.3.1Factors impacting the morphology of
CuO
nanowires
3.3.2Study on the impact of CuO nanowire
morphology on bacterial disinfection
3.4Investigation on the effect of electrode structure on
bacterial disinfection
3.4.1Investigation of the effect of electrode pore
size on bacterial disinfection
3.4.2Investigation of the effect of electrode thickness
on bacterial disinfection
3.5Investigation on the effect of electrode arrangement
on bacterial disinfection
3.5.1Contribution of positive and negative electrodes
to microbial inactivation during nanowireª²assisted
electroporation disinfection
3.5.2Reactor optimization to enhance electroporation
disinfection efficiency
3.6Summary of this chapter
Chapter 4Fabrication of highª²durability nanowireª²modified electrodes
and investigation of their microbial
disinfection performance
4.1Research background
4.2Experimental materials and methods
4.2.1Experimental reagents
4.2.2Fabrication of Cu3P nanowireª²modified copper
foam electrode
4.2.3Construction of nanowireª²assisted electroporation
disinfection devices
4.2.4Characterization and elemental analysis
of
nanowireª²modified electrode
4.2.5Microbes and water samples used in
experiments
4.2.6Cu3P nanowireª²assisted electroporation for
microbial disinfection
4.2.7Analysis of microbial inactivation
mechanisms
4.2.8Analysis of the disinfection efficiency using
nanowireª²modified electrodes for
longª²term operation
4.2.9Analysis of the loss mechanism of electrode
during longª²term operation
4.3Fabrication and characterization of Cu3P
nanowireª²modified electrodes
4.3.1Fabrication of Cu3P nanowireª²modified
electrodes
4.3.2Characterization of Cu3P nanowireª²modified
electrodes
4.4Disinfection efficiency and mechanism of nanowireª²
assisted electroporation using Cu3P nanowireª²modified
electrodes
4.4.1Disinfection efficiency of nanowireª²assisted
electroporation using Cu3P nanowireª²modified
electrodes
4.4.2Disinfection mechanisms of nanowireª²assisted
electroporation using Cu3P nanowireª²modified
electrodes
4.5Longª²term disinfection performance and electrode
loss mechanism
4.5.1Longª²term disinfection performance of Cu3P
nanowireª²modified electrodes
4.5.2Electrode loss phenomenon during the
longª²term operation
4.5.3Loss mechanism of Cu3P nanowireª²modified
electrode
4.6Summary of this chapter
Chapter 5Surface coating on nanowireª²modified electrode
lifetime enhancement
5.1Research background
5.2Experimental materials and methods
5.2.1Experimental reagents
5.2.2Fabrication of polyª²dopamine (PDA)ª²coated
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.2.3Characterization of PDAª²coated nanowireª²
modified electrodes
5.2.4Disinfection device construction using PDAª²
coated nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.2.5Microbes and water samples used
in experiments
5.2.6Electroporation disinfection for microbes using
PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.2.7Analysis of the disinfection efficiency
using nanowireª²modified electrodes for longª²
term operation
5.2.8Analysis of the loss mechanism of electrode
during longª²term operation
5.3Fabrication of PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified
electrodes
5.3.1Fabrication of PDAª²coated CuO
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.3.2Characterization of PDAª²coated CuO
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.3.3Fabrication of PDAª²coated Cu3P
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.3.4Characterization of PDAª²coated Cu3P
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.4Electroporation disinfection efficiency of PDAª²coated
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.4.1Disinfection efficiency of PDAª²coated
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.4.2Analysis of the disinfection mechanism of
PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.5Longª²term disinfection performance and loss mechanism
of PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.5.1Longª²term disinfection performance of PDAª²
coated nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.5.2PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified electrode loss
analysis
5.5.3Analysis of the loss mechanism of PDAª²coated
nanowireª²modified electrodes
5.6Summary of this chapter
Chapter 6Altering current driven nanowireª²assisted electroporation
disinfection with the enhanced electrode life
6.1Research background
6.2Experimental materials and methods
6.2.1Experimental reagents
6.2.2Fabrication of PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified
electrodes
6.2.3Disinfection device construction using
PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified
electrodes
6.2.4Microbes and water samples used in
experiments
6.2.5Electroporation disinfection for microbes
using PDAª²coated nanowireª²modified
electrodes
6.2.6Analysis of the disinfection efficiency using
nanowireª²modified electrodes for longª²term
operation
6.2.7Analysis of the loss mechanism of electrode
during longª²term operation
6.3Analysis of the disinfection efficiency of nanowireª²
assisted electroporation driven by a highª²frequency AC
power supply
6.4Longª²term disinfection efficiency and loss mechanism of
nanowireª²assisted electroporation powered by
highª²frequency AC
6.4.1Highª²frequency ACª²powered nanowireª²assisted
electroporation for longª²term disinfection
6.4.2Analysis of electrode loss in longª²term operation
when powered by highª²frequency AC
6.5Summary of this chapter
Chapter 7Nanowireª²assisted electroporation disinfection
for reclaimed water
7.1Research background
7.2Experimental materials and methods
7.2.1Experimental reagents
7.2.2Fabrication of nanowireª²modified electrodes
7.2.3Disinfection device construction using
nanowireª²modified electrodes
7.2.4Microbes and water samples used in
experiments
7.2.5Electroporation disinfection for
reclaimed water
7.3Effect of typical reclaimed water quality on
nanowireª²assisted electroporation disinfection
efficiency
7.3.1Effect of inorganic water parameters on the
efficiency of DCª²powered nanowireª²assisted
electroporation disinfection
7.3.2Effect of inorganic water parameters
on the efficiency of ACª²powered nanowireª²
assisted electroporation disinfection
7.3.3Effect of organic matter on the disinfection
efficiency of DCª²powered nanowireª²assisted
electroporation
7.3.4Effect of organic matter on the disinfection
efficiency of ACª²powered nanowireª²assisted
electroporation
7.4Disinfection performance of nanowireª²assisted
electroporation on reclaimed water
7.4.1Disinfection performance of nanowireª²assisted
electroporation for secondary effluent from
wastewater reclamation treatment plants
7.4.2Disinfection performance of nanowireª²assisted
electroporation for the receiving water bodies of
reclaimed water
7.5Summary of this chapter
Chapter 8Conclusions and perspectives
8.1Conclusions
8.2Perspectives
References
