Contents
Unit 1 Wording and Phrasing(I)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2
1.1 Significance of Learning Wording and Phrasing ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2
1.2 Lexical Diversity ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3
1.3 Concrete and Specific Language ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4
1.4 Signal Words¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡6
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡9
Unit 2 Wording and Phrasing(II)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡12
2.1 Pronoun Clarity¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡12
2.2 Concise Language¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡15
2.3 Consistent Language¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡17
2.4 Syntactic Variety ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡20
Exercises¡¡¡¡23
Unit 3 Essay Development(1)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡29
3.1 Sensory Details¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡29
3.2 Comparison and Contrast ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡31
3.3 Narration ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡35
3.4 Thesis Statement ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡37
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡39
Unit 4 Essay Development(II)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡42
4.1 Supporting Details ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡42
4.2 Introductions and Conclusions (I) ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡45
4.3 Introductions and Conclusions (¢ò) ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡48
4.4 Body Paragraphs ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡51
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55
Unit 5Rhetoric(1)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡57
5.1 A Brief Introduction to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Devices¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡57
5.2 Alliteration, Assonance, and Consonance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡59
5.3 Simile ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡62
5.4 Metaphor ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡65
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡67
Unit 6 Rhetoric(II)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡69
6.1 Metonymy and Synecdoche ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡69
6.2 Paradox and Oxymoron ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡72
6.3 Parallelism and Antithesis¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡74
6.4 Chiasmus ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡76
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡77
Unit 7 Critical Thinking(I)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡80
7.1 Critical Thinking: The 3Cs Framework ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡80
7.2 Common Logical Fallacies (I)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡83
7.3 Common Logical Fallacies (¢ò)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡85
7.4 How to Certify (I): Evidence ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡87
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡89
Unit 8 Critical Thinking(¢ò)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡91
8.1 How to Certify (¢ò): Mind Map¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡91
8.2 How to Claim:Logic (I)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡95
8.3 How to Claim:Logic (¢ò)¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡97
8.4 How to Claim: Logic (¢ó) ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡100
Exercises¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡102
Part II Topics for Effective Expression
Unit 1Learning¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡104
Text A Learning to Learn¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡104
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡107
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡108
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡109
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡110
Text B Academic Motivations Can Change ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡111
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡113
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡114
Unit 2 Social Connection¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡115
Text A Weak-Tie Friendships May Mean More than You Think ¡¡¡¡¡¡115
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡118
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡119
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡119
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡120
Text B ¡°Sorry, I Was Distracted¡¡± ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡121
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡123
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡125
Unit 3 Human Traits ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡126
Text A The Power of Grit ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡126
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡129
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡131
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡132
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡133
Text B Angela Duckworth Responds to a New Critique of Grit ¡¡¡¡¡¡134
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡137
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡139
Unit 4 Gender Issues¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡140
Text A Man, Weeping ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡140
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡143
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡145
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡147
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡148
Text B Born to Be Different? ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡149
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡152
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡154
Unit 5 Celebrities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡155
Text A The Woman Behind the Wizard ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡155
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡158
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡163
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡165
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡166
Text B Ode to Beethoven ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡167
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡170
Critical Thinking in Practice¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡173
Unit 6 Business ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡174
Text A Co-opetition ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡174
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡177
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡181
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡182
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡185
Text B Persuading the Unpersuadable ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡186
Effective Expression in Practice¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡188
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡189
Unit 7 Science and Technology¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡190
Text A Reading in a Whole New Way ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡190
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡193
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡194
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡196
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡198
Text B Is Technology Harming Our Children's Health? ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡199
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡201
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡201
Unit 8 Environment ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡203
Text A Three Environmental Issues and Ways to Combat Them ¡¡¡¡203
Effective Expression: A Linguistic Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡206
Effective Expression: A Rhetorical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡206
Effective Expression: A Logical Dimension ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡206
Interactive Writing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡207
Text B The Truth About the Environment ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡208
Effective Expression in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡210
Critical Thinking in Practice ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡211
References ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡213