目
录
第1章
为什么需要这样一本书
1.1 考得好不如报得好 ········································································2
1.2 怎样报赢高考 ··············································································6
1.2.1 选大学，不要迷信大学综合排名 ························································7
1.2.2 根据职业规划选专业 ·······································································8
1.2.3 基于就业信息确定就业目标 ····························································12
1.3 内容导航 ···················································································15
第2章
专业“就业详单”
2.1 专业就业情况概览 ·······································································19
2.2 专业“红黄绿牌” ·······································································32
2.2.1 哪些专业的就业堪忧 ·····································································33
2.2.2 哪些专业有就业前景 ·····································································37
VIII
看就业 选专业——报好高考志愿(2022年版)
2.3 从“毕业后做什么”看专业 ···························································42
2.3.1 各专业毕业生从事的职业 ·······························································43
2.3.2 各专业毕业生进入的行业 ·······························································60
第3章
从就业薪资高低选专业
3.1 院校收入分析 ·············································································78
3.2 地方收入分析 ·············································································82
3.2.1 经济区域就业的月收入变化趋势 ······················································83
3.2.2 不同城市类型的月收入差异 ····························································85
3.3 各专业的收入分析 ·······································································89
第4章
从职业规划入手选专业
4.1 你适合什么职业 ········································································109
4.2 揭开职业的神秘面纱 ···································································115
4.3 从高薪职业看专业 ·····································································145
4.4 行业需求、薪资速查 ··································································150
第5章
另类思路选专业
5.1 男/女生都有就业优势的专业 ························································160
5.2 从工作相关度高低选专业 ····························································168
5.3 从职业期待吻合度高低选专业 ······················································171
5.4 从就业满意度高低选专业 ····························································173
IX
目 录
5.5 专升本、读研、留学比例高的专业 ················································175
5.6 自主创业比例高的专业 ·······························································188
5.7 离职率高的专业 ········································································197
第6章
疫情影响下的高考志愿填报
6.1 疫情对不同行业就业的影响 ·························································201
6.1.1 服务性产业受冲击较大 ·································································201
6.1.2 政策性岗位对“稳就业”“保就业”起到重要作用 ·····························203
6.1.3 刚需产业是保障就业的“稳定器” ··················································204
6.1.4 新兴岗位成为制造业中需求增长亮点 ···············································205
6.2 疫情对升学、考公的影响 ····························································207
6.3 乡村振兴战略下涉农人才需求增加 ················································208
第7章
填报高考志愿时常见问题的解答
7.1 如何填报高考志愿 ·····································································213
问题1：填报志愿时应考虑哪些因素··························································213
问题2：在志愿填报之前应该了解哪些信息？如何了解 ·································213
问题3：在填报志愿时，选专业和选学校哪个更重要 ····································214
问题4：在选择专业时，是否应以未来收入为标杆········································214
7.2 专业选择和职业规划 ··································································214
问题1：性格比较内向和外向的人，选什么专业比较合适 ······························214
问题2：新的热门专业是否代表未来也是热门职业呢 ····································214
问题3：不少新专业是由原来的专科提升演变而来的，这些专业成为本科专业后，
教学基础是否牢靠······································································215
问题4：如何判断“热门”专业是否适合自己··············································215
问题5：收费高的专业就一定好吗，好专业就一定收费高吗 ···························215
附 录
大学生最有可能从事的常见职业列表
图表目录
图1-1 2021年度本科毕业生读研转换专业的比例 ······················································10
图1-2 2021年度本科毕业生读研的主要动机 ····························································10
图1-3 2021年度高职毕业生读本科的原因 ································································11
图1-4 全书内容导图···························································································16
表2-1 麦可思2021年度本科专业门类的各项就业指标 ················································21
表2-2 麦可思2021年度本科各主要专业的就业指标 ···················································22
表2-3 麦可思2021年度高职专业大类的各项就业指标 ················································27
表2-4 麦可思2021年度高职各主要专业的就业指标 ···················································28
表2-5 麦可思2021年“红黄绿牌”本科专业名单 ······················································33
表2-6 麦可思2021年“红黄绿牌”高职专业名单 ······················································33
表2-7 麦可思2021年度就业率较低的本科和高职专业(前10位) ·····································34
表2-8 麦可思2021年度毕业生规模较大的本科和高职专业中
就业率较低的专业(前10位) ··········································································34
表2-9 麦可思2021年度平均月收入较低的本科和高职专业(前10位) ·······························35
表2-10 麦可思2021年度毕业生规模较大的本科和高职专业中
收入较低的本科和高职专业(前10位) ····························································36
表2-11 麦可思2021年度就业率较高的本科和高职专业(前50位) ····································37
表2-12 麦可思2021年度毕业生规模较大的本科和高职专业中
就业率较高的专业(前10位) ········································································40
表2-13 麦可思2021年度毕业三年内毕业生职位晋升比例较高的
主要本科专业类和高职专业类(前10位) ·························································41
XII
看就业 选专业——报好高考志愿(2022年版)
表2-14 麦可思2021年度毕业三年内毕业生职位晋升次数较高的
主要本科专业类和高职专业类(前10位) ·························································41
表2-15 麦可思2021年度本科各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的职业流向(前3位) ·············43
表2-16 麦可思2021年度高职各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的职业流向(前3位) ·············52
表2-17 麦可思2021年度本科各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的行业流向(前3位) ·············61
表2-18 麦可思2021年度高职各主要专业的毕业生毕业半年后的行业流向(前3位) ·············69
图3-1 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ······················································79
图3-2 2021年度各类本科院校毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ··········································79
图3-3 2021年度本科毕业生毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅(与2017届半年后对比) ················80
图3-4 2021年度本科毕业生毕业五年后的月收入与涨幅(与2015届半年后、三年后对比) ····80
图3-5 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ······················································81
图3-6 2021年度各类高职院校毕业生毕业半年后的月收入 ··········································81
图3-7 2021年度高职毕业生毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅(与2017届半年后对比) ················82
图3-8 2021年度高职毕业生毕业五年后的月收入与涨幅(与2015届半年后对比) ················82
表3-1 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后在各经济区域就业的月收入 ·····················83
表3-2 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后在各经济区域就业的月收入 ·····················83
表3-3 麦可思2021年度(2017届)本科毕业生毕业三年后在各经济区域就业的
月收入与涨幅···························································································84
表3-4 麦可思2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后在各经济区域就业的
月收入与涨幅···························································································84
图3-9 2021年度本科毕业生在一线、新一线城市就业的比例变化趋势 ···························85
图3-10 2021年度高职毕业生在一线、新一线城市就业的比例变化趋势 ··························86
图3-11 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市的就业满意度 ····················86
图3-12 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市的就业满意度变化趋势 ········87
图3-13 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入 ····················87
图3-14 2021年度(2017届)本科毕业生毕业三年后在一线、新一线城市就业的
月收入与涨幅 ·························································································88
图3-15 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入与涨幅
(与2015届半年后、三年后对比) ··································································88
图3-16 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入 ····················89
图3-17 2021年度高职毕业生毕业三年后在一线、新一线城市就业的月收入 ····················89
表3-5 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类毕业半年后的月收入 ·······································90
表3-6 麦可思2021年度高职各专业大类毕业半年后的月收入 ·······································90
表3-7 麦可思2021年度(2017届)本科各学科门类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ···················91
表3-8 麦可思2021年度(2017届)高职各专业大类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ···················92
XIII
图表目录
表3-9 麦可思2021年度本科主要专业类毕业半年后的月收入 ·······································92
表3-10 麦可思2021年度高职主要专业类毕业半年后的月收入 ······································94
表3-11 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长最快的
前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·······································································96
表3-12 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长最快的
前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·······································································96
表3-13 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长最慢的
前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·······································································97
表3-14 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后月收入增长最慢的
前十位专业类(与2018届对比) ·····································································97
表3-15 麦可思2021年度(2017届)本科主要专业类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ··················98
表3-16 麦可思2021年度(2017届)高职主要专业类毕业三年后的月收入与涨幅 ··················99
表3-17 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入排前50位的主要专业 ···················101
表3-18 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后月收入排前50位的主要专业 ···················101
表4-1 研究型人格与适合的职业范围 ····································································105
表4-2 研究型—计算机系统软件工程技术人员的真实职业环境 ································106
表4-3 张亮所选择的专业与对应的职业
(附：工作与专业相关度和毕业半年后的平均月收入) ·······································109
图4-1 霍兰德6种人格类型 ··················································································110
表4-4 6种人格类型与适合的职业范围 ···································································113
表4-5 现实型—土木工程技术人员的真实职业环境一览表 ······································116
表4-6 现实型—机械绘图人员的真实职业环境一览表 ············································119
表4-7 研究型—产品安全工程技术人员的真实职业环境一览表 ································121
表4-8 艺术型—记者的真实职业环境一览表 ························································124
表4-9 艺术型—室内设计师的真实职业环境一览表 ···············································126
表4-10 社会型—法律职员的真实职业环境一览表 ·················································129
表4-11 社会型—公关专员的真实职业环境一览表 ·················································131
表4-12 企业型—个人理财顾问的真实职业环境一览表 ···········································134
表4-13 企业型—人力资源经理的真实职业环境一览表 ···········································137
表4-14 事务型—会计的真实职业环境一览表 ·······················································140
表4-15 事务型—货运代理的真实职业环境一览表 ·················································142
表4-16 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生所从事的10个高薪职业及其对应专业
(附：工作与专业相关度和毕业半年后的平均月收入) ·····································145
表4-17 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生所从事的10个高薪职业及其对应专业
(附：工作与专业相关度和毕业半年后的平均月收入) ·····································147
表4-18 麦可思2021年度大学毕业生毕业半年后月收入较低的职业(前10位) ····················148
表4-19 麦可思2021年度大学毕业生从事的专业门槛较高的职业(前20位) ·······················148
表4-20 麦可思2021年度大学毕业生从事的专业门槛较低的职业(前20位) ·······················149
表4-21 麦可思2021年度本科高薪行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ·································150
表4-22 麦可思2021年度高职高薪行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ·································152
表4-23 麦可思2021年度本科需求量大的行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ························154
表4-24 麦可思2021年度高职需求量大的行业及其所对应的职业(前5位) ························155
表5-1 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生薪资五星级 (★★★★★)
推荐本科专业榜(前20位)············································································160
表5-2 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生薪资五星级(★★★★★)
推荐高职专业榜(前20位)············································································161
表5-3 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业率五星级(★★★★★)
推荐本科专业榜(前20位)············································································162
表5-4 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业率五星级(★★★★★)
推荐高职专业榜(前20位)············································································163
表5-5 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业满意度五星级(★★★★★)
推荐本科专业榜(前20位)············································································164
表5-6 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生就业满意度五星级(★★★★★)
推荐高职专业榜(前20位)············································································165
表5-7 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生专业相关度五星级(★★★★★)
推荐本科专业榜(前20位)············································································166
表5-8 麦可思2021年度男/女性大学毕业生专业相关度五星级(★★★★★)
推荐高职专业榜(前20位)············································································167
表5-9 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生从事相关工作比例高的专业(前20位) ························169
表5-10 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生从事相关工作比例高的专业(前20位) ·······················169
表5-11 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生从事相关工作比例低的专业(前10位) ·······················171
表5-12 麦可思2021年度高职毕业生从事相关工作比例低的专业(前10位) ·······················171
表5-13 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较高的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························172
表5-14 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较高的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························172
表5-15 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较低的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························172
表5-16 麦可思2021年度职业期待吻合度较低的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························173
表5-17 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较高的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························173
表5-18 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较高的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························174
表5-19 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较低的主要本科专业(前10位) ··························174
表5-20 麦可思2021年度就业现状满意度较低的主要高职专业(前10位) ··························175
图5-1 2021年度高职毕业生读本科的比例 ······························································176
图5-2 2021年度各类高职院校毕业生读本科的比例 ··················································176
表5-21 麦可思2021年度高职各专业大类读本科的比例 ··············································177
表5-22 麦可思2021年度专升本比例高的高职专业排行榜(前20位) ································177
图5-3 2021年度本科毕业生国内读研的比例 ···························································178
图5-4 2021年度(2017届、2016届)本科毕业生毕业半年后准备考研群体三年后的
学历提升情况··························································································179
图5-5 2021年度本科毕业生读研转换专业的比例 ·····················································179
表5-23 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类读研比例 ····················································180
表5-24 麦可思2021年度本科毕业生读研的主要研究生专业类分布 ·······························180
表5-25 麦可思2021年度毕业即留在国内读研比例高的本科专业排行榜(前20位) ··············182
表5-26 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类读研转换专业比例 ········································182
图5-6 2021年度本科毕业生留学的比例 ·································································183
表5-27 麦可思2021年度本科各学科门类留学比例 ····················································184
图5-7 2021年度本科毕业生留学的主要专业类分布 ··················································184
表5-28 麦可思2021年度毕业即出国留学比例高的本科专业排行榜(前20位) ····················185
图5-8 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的
就业满意度·····························································································186
图5-9 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的
月收入对比·····························································································186
图5-10 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的就业
满意度对比 ···························································································187
图5-11 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后学历提升人群和学历未提升人群的
月收入对比 ···························································································187
图5-12 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业半年后国内读研与留学人群五年后就业的
用人单位类型对比 ··················································································188
图5-13 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的比例变化趋势 ·······························189
图5-14 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后自主创业的比例(与2015届半年后、
三年后对比) ··························································································189
图5-15 2021年度各类高职院校毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的比例变化趋势 ···················190
图5-16 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后自主创业的比例(与2017届半年后对比) ···190
图5-17 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的月收入 ········································191
图5-18 2021年度(2015届)本科毕业生毕业五年后自主创业的月收入(与2015届三年后、
半年后对比) ··························································································191
图5-19 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年后自主创业的月收入 ········································192
图5-20 2021年度(2017届)高职毕业生毕业三年后自主创业的月收入
(与2017届半年后对比) ·············································································192
图5-21 2021年度本科毕业生自主创业的动机分布 ····················································193
图5-22 2021年度高职毕业生自主创业的动机分布 ····················································193
图5-23 2021年度本科毕业生自主创业最集中的前五位行业类 ·····································193
图5-24 2021年度高职毕业生自主创业最集中的前五位行业类 ·····································194
图5-25 2021年度本科各类灵活就业毕业生的就业满意度 ···········································194
图5-26 2021年度高职各类灵活就业毕业生的就业满意度 ···········································195
表5-29 麦可思2021年度自主创业比例高的本科专业排行榜(前20位) ·····························195
表5-30 麦可思2021年度自主创业比例高的高职专业排行榜(前20位) ·····························196
图5-27 2021年度本科毕业生毕业半年内的离职率变化趋势 ········································197
图5-28 2021年度各类本科院校毕业生毕业半年内的离职率变化趋势 ····························197
图5-29 2021年度高职毕业生毕业半年内的离职率变化趋势 ········································198
表5-31 麦可思2021年度离职率最高的本科专业排行榜(前10位) ···································198
表5-32 麦可思2021年度离职率最高的高职专业排行榜(前10位) ···································199
表6-1 麦可思2021年度本科生在疫情影响较大的服务行业就业比例情况 ·······················202
表6-2 麦可思2021年度高职生在疫情影响较大的服务行业就业比例情况 ·······················202
表6-3 麦可思2021年度高职生在疫情影响较大的服务岗位就业比例情况 ·······················203
图6-1 2021年度本科生在教育业就业比例情况 ························································203
表6-4 麦可思2021年度本科生在国企占比较高的行业就业比例情况 ·····························204
表6-5 麦可思2021年度高职生在国企占比较高的行业就业比例情况 ·····························204
表6-6 麦可思2021年度本科生在刚需产业就业比例情况 ············································205
表6-7 麦可思2021年度高职生在刚需产业就业比例情况 ············································205
图6-2 2021年度在制造业就业的本科毕业生从事数字化岗位的占比 ·····························206
图6-3 2021年度在制造业就业的高职毕业生从事数字化岗位的占比 ·····························206
表6-8 麦可思2021年度高职生在疫情影响较小的服务行业就业比例情况 ·······················207
表6-9 麦可思2021年度“考公”本科毕业生专业分布 ···············································207
图6-4 2021年度高职农林牧渔大类毕业生工作与专业相关度变化趋势 ··························208
图6-5 2021年度高职农林牧渔大类毕业生从农的比例 ···············································209
表6-10 麦可思2021年度高职主要涉农专业类毕业生在农、林、牧、渔业就业的比例 ·······209
图6-6 2021年度高职农林牧渔大类从农毕业生的就业满意度 ······································210
图6-7 2021年度高职农林牧渔大类从农毕业生的月收入 ············································210
图6-8 2021年度(2017届)高职农林牧渔大类从农毕业生三年后的月收入与涨幅 ···············211
表A-1 大学生最有可能从事的常见职业 ·································································217
