第一部分? 数字孪生技术发展趋势
第 1 章 数字孪生概述 ······································································· 2
1.1 数字孪生的前世今生·······································································3
1.1.1 孵化期（2000—2015 年） ·································································· 4
1.1.2 探索期（2015—2020 年） ·································································· 6
1.1.3 爆发期（2020 年以来） ····································································· 8
1.2 数字孪生的内涵与外延····································································9
1.2.1 百家争鸣 ······················································································10
1.2.2 数字孪生内涵 ················································································14
1.2.3 数字孪生外延 ················································································18
第 2 章 数字孪生赋能系统自智进化 ····················································21
2.1 企业数字化系统现状····································································· 21
2.2 数字中台架构面临的挑战······························································· 25
2.3 数字孪生驱动数智化升级······························································· 28
2.4 数字孪生奠定元宇宙基石······························································· 29
第二部分? 我国数字孪生产业发展需求
第 3 章 数字孪生顶层设计和规划引领 ·················································36
3.1 “十四五”规划纲要对数字孪生发展的指引 ······································ 36
3.2 “两化”融合领域········································································ 37
3.3 5G 网络领域 ··············································································· 41
3.4 信息技术领域·············································································· 43
3.5 城市发展领域·············································································· 44
3.6 综合交通领域·············································································· 45
3.7 工业生产领域·············································································· 46
3.8 能源安全领域·············································································· 47
3.9 建筑工程领域·············································································· 48
3.10 水利应急领域 ············································································ 49
3.11 标准构建领域 ············································································ 50
第 4 章 数字孪生产业链和业务生态体系 ··············································51
4.1 数字孪生标准化工作····································································· 51
4.1.1 智慧城市数字孪生标准 ····································································53
4.1.2 工业领域数字孪生标准 ····································································54
4.2 产业图谱···················································································· 55
4.2.1 数字孪生城市产业图谱 ····································································55
4.2.2 工业数字孪生产业图谱 ····································································56
4.3 技术流派···················································································· 59
4.3.1 数据派 ·························································································60
4.3.2 连接派 ·························································································60
4.3.3 仿真派 ·························································································60
4.4 业务体系···················································································· 60
4.4.1 宏观市场 ······················································································60
4.4.2 技术体系 ······················································································61
4.4.3 业务模式 ······················································································62
4.4.4 产品形态 ······················································································66
4.5 技术创新···················································································· 67
4.5.1 游戏引擎 + 云渲染 ··········································································67
4.5.2 AR/VR+ 元宇宙 ··············································································67
4.5.3 模型生产智能化、自动化 ·································································68
4.5.4 “CIM+ 数据编织”技术 ··································································68
4.5.5 数字线程技术 ················································································70
4.5.6 虚拟化技术 ···················································································70
4.5.7 多协议支持技术 ·············································································71
4.5.8 模型构建技术 ················································································71
4.5.9 多维数据支持技术 ··········································································71
第 5 章 数字孪生技术平台化需求 ·······················································72
5.1 数字孪生“千人千面”认知···························································· 72
5.1.1 数字孪生 + 物联网 ··········································································73
5.1.2 数字孪生 + 智慧城市 ·······································································76
5.1.3 数字孪生 + 工业互联网 ····································································81
5.1.4 数字孪生 + 智慧水利 ·······································································99
5.1.5 数字孪生 + 5G 网络 ······································································· 101
5.1.6 数字孪生 + 算力网络 ····································································· 102
5.1.7 数字孪生 + 元宇宙 ········································································ 104
5.2 业务触达需求·············································································108
5.2.1 业务端到端 ················································································· 108
5.2.2 运营场景化 ················································································· 109
5.3 通用能力需求·············································································109
5.3.1 数字化 ······················································································· 109
5.3.2 孪生化 ······················································································· 111
5.3.3 平台化 ······················································································· 111
5.4 定义“数字孪生平台”································································· 112
5.4.1 必要性 ······················································································· 112
5.4.2 意义和价值 ················································································· 113
5.4.3 适用场景 ···················································································· 114
第三部分? 开放式数字孪生体系架构
第 6 章 通用数字孪生平台关键性设计 ··············································· 116
6.1 数字孪生系统的核心逻辑······························································ 116
6.1.1 数字孪生流派融合曲线图 ······························································· 116
6.1.2 城市数字孪生业务地铁图 ······························································· 118
6.2 数字孪生平台的设计理念······························································ 119
6.2.1 开放式框架 ················································································· 119
6.2.2 模型资产化 ················································································· 121
6.2.3 可持续发展 ················································································· 122
6.3 数字孪生平台的设计方法······························································123
6.3.1 模型即服务 ················································································· 123
6.3.2 数据即服务 ················································································· 124
6.3.3 软件即服务 ················································································· 125
第 7 章 数字孪生系统架构 ······························································ 126
7.1 云原生中台能力··········································································126
7.1.1 技术中台 ···················································································· 126
7.1.2 数据中台 ···················································································· 127
7.1.3 智能中台 ···················································································· 128
7.1.4 业务中台 ···················································································· 128
7.2 数字孪生系统架构·······································································128
7.2.1 体系结构 ···················································································· 128
7.2.2 数字孪生模型 ·············································································· 129
7.2.3 数字孪生场景 ·············································································· 129
7.2.4 数字线程 ···················································································· 130
第 8 章 数字孪生系统设计实现 ························································ 131
8.1 设备孪生场景·············································································131
8.1.1 感知智能 ···················································································· 131
8.1.2 模型设计器 ················································································· 132
8.1.3 模型构建 ···················································································· 141
8.1.4 数据驱动 ···················································································· 141
8.1.5 可视化 ······················································································· 142
8.1.6 实时交互 ···················································································· 143
8.1.7 多维模型资产 ·············································································· 143
8.2 空间孪生场景 ············································································143
8.2.1 整体设计 ···················································································· 143
8.2.2 空间数据引擎 ·············································································· 145
8.2.3 空间服务引擎 ·············································································· 146
8.2.4 自服务控制台 ·············································································· 149
8.2.5 三维场景设计 ·············································································· 149
8.2.6 数据工具 ···················································································· 158
8.2.7 地址工具 ···················································································· 160
8.2.8 空间注智引擎 ·············································································· 161
8.3 人员孪生场景·············································································161
8.3.1 虚拟“数字人” ··········································································· 161
8.3.2 数字员工 ···················································································· 164
8.3.3 数字人体 ···················································································· 165
第四部分? 通用数字孪生平台设计和实现
第 9 章 数字孪生平台设计 ······························································ 170
9.1 概念设计···················································································170
9.2 参考功能架构·············································································171
9.3 参考技术架构·············································································174
9.4 参考接口定义·············································································175
第 10 章 数字孪生平台功能设计 ······················································· 176
10.1 孪生体设计器 ···········································································176
10.2 场景构建工具 ···········································································177
10.3 自动拓扑工具 ···········································································180
10.4 地理三维能力 ···········································································181
10.5 模型资产管理 ···········································································182
10.6 可视化能力 ··············································································183
10.6.1 天气组件 ··················································································· 183
10.6.2 光影滤镜 ··················································································· 183
10.6.3 云渲染 ······················································································ 184
10.6.4 场景相机 ··················································································· 184
10.6.5 模型材质 ··················································································· 185
10.7 图表卡片 ·················································································185
10.8 组件管理 ·················································································185
10.9 运行规则管理 ···········································································187
第 11 章 数字孪生平台运营模式 ······················································· 188
11.1 SaaS 化运营 ·············································································188
11.1.1 开放门户 ··················································································· 189
11.1.2 租户管理 ··················································································· 189
11.1.3 订购管理 ··················································································· 190
11.2 孪生模型资产运营 ·····································································191
11.3 算力资源运营 ···········································································191
第五部分? 数字孪生方案实践及未来展望
第 12 章 泛在连接：AIoT 场景的数字孪生实践 ···································· 194
12.1 AIoT 发展应用特点 ····································································194
12.1.1 AI 和物联网的融合 ······································································ 194
12.1.2 AIoT 数字孪生应用场景 ································································ 196
12.2 数字孪生技术在 AIoT 中应用的场景 ··············································197
12.2.1 数字孪生助力数字建模 ································································· 197
12.2.2 数字孪生助力一体化的仿真验证 ····················································· 198
12.3 AIoT 数字孪生整体方案 ······························································198
12.3.1 AIoT 数字孪生架构 ······································································ 198
12.3.2 AIoT 数字孪生模型建模 ································································ 201
12.3.3 AIoT 数字孪生实例化管理 ····························································· 204
12.3.4 AIoT 数字孪生场景编排 ································································ 205
12.4 AIoT 数字孪生应用场景实例 ························································205
12.4.1 智慧能源 ··················································································· 205
12.4.2 智慧园区 ··················································································· 207
12.5 AIoT 数字孪生的业务价值 ···························································208
12.5.1 模拟仿真 ··················································································· 208
12.5.2 监控 ························································································· 210
12.5.3 评估 ························································································· 212
12.5.4 预测 ························································································· 213
12.5.5 优化 ························································································· 215
第 13 章 数智融通：城市时空场景的数字孪生实践 ······························· 216
13.1 城市数字孪生应用特点 ·······························································216
13.1.1 城市信息模型 ············································································· 219
13.1.2 实时感知 ··················································································· 220
13.2 数字孪生技术在城市管理中应用的场景 ··········································222
13.2.1 城市规划场景应用 ······································································· 222
13.2.2 交通场景应用 ············································································· 222
13.2.3 安全预警场景应用 ······································································· 223
13.3 城市数字孪生整体方案 ·······························································223
13.3.1 城市数字孪生架构 ······································································· 223
13.3.2 城市数字孪生的关键性设计 ··························································· 224
13.4 城市数字孪生应用场景实例 ·························································225
13.4.1 智慧展馆 ··················································································· 225
13.4.2 智慧矿山 ··················································································· 226
13.4.3 智慧机房 ··················································································· 227
13.4.4 智慧楼宇 ··················································································· 230
13.4.5 智慧水务 ··················································································· 231
13.4.6 数字乡村 ··················································································· 233
13.5 城市数字孪生的业务价值 ····························································234
第 14 章 仿生自智：通信网络场景的数字孪生实践 ······························· 236
14.1 5G 网络发展应用特点 ·································································236
14.1.1 5G 网络自动驾驶网络战略目标 ······················································ 236
14.1.2 运营商网络数字孪生应用场景 ························································ 237
14.2 数字孪生技术在网络中应用的场景 ················································237
14.2.1 ToB 行业网络数字孪生应用 ··························································· 238
14.2.2 数字孪生助力自智网络实现 ··························································· 240
14.2.3 数字孪生助力智慧运维 ································································· 243
14.3 网络数字孪生整体方案 ·······························································245
14.3.1 网络数字孪生定义 ······································································· 246
14.3.2 网络数字孪生的架构 ···································································· 246
14.3.3 网络数字孪生关键技术 ································································· 249
14.3.4 网络数字孪生模型建模 ································································· 257
14.3.5 网络数字孪生实例化管理 ······························································ 262
14.3.6 网络数字孪生场景编排 ································································· 263
14.3.7 网络数字孪生智慧运维应用 ··························································· 264
14.4 网络数字孪生应用场景实例 ·························································265
14.4.1 运营商重保场景网络数字孪生应用 ·················································· 265
14.4.2 垂直行业网络数字孪生专网监控 ····················································· 266
14.4.3 无线自智网络数字孪生场景应用 ····················································· 267
14.4.4 核心网网络数字孪生场景应用 ························································ 268
14.4.5 算力网络数字孪生应用 ································································· 274
14.4.6 数通网络数字孪生场景应用 ··························································· 276
14.4.7 数字孪生实现 6G 网络边缘智能 ······················································ 278
14.5 网络数字孪生的业务价值 ····························································281
后记····························································································· 282
