The machine vision industry has enjoyed a grow-th 由于计算机的运算速度逐年增长,
rate well above the industry average for many years. 机器视觉在许多新的领域不断得到应
Vachine vision systems currently form an integral 用,而在几年前这些应用还无法实现。
part of many machines. and production lines. Fur- 机器视觉多年来的增长速度均高于工
thermore, machine vision systems are continuously 业平均增长速度,目前机器视觉已成
deployed in new application fields, in part because 为许多机器和生产线的一部分。
computers become faster all the time and thus en-
able applications tO be solved that were out of reach
just a few years ago.
Despite its importance, there are few books that 目前市面上缺少详细介绍机器视
describe in sufficient detail the technology that is im- 觉技术的书籍,尽管这类书籍非常重
portant for machine wsion. While there are numer- 要。已有的大量书籍介绍了图像处理
ous books on image processing and computer vision, 及计算机视觉,但是书中对于机器视
very few of them describe the hardware components 觉中获取图像的硬件部分如照明、镜
that are used in machine vision systems to acquire 头、摄像机及摄像机与计算机的接口
images (illuminations, lenses, cameras, and camera- 却少有介绍,这些书籍更多的是介绍
computer interfaces). Furthermore, these books of- 机器视觉的理论,而不是如何在现实
ten only describe the theory, but not its use in real- 中应用。另一右面,机器视觉的书籍对
world applications. Machine vision books, on the 于机器视觉的相关理论又没有足够详
other hand, often do not describe the relevant the- 细的介绍。因此,我们觉得一本充分介
ory in sufficient detail. Therefore, we feel that a book 绍机器视觉硬件各个部分的理论基础
that providesa thorough theoretical foundation of all 及算法,同时提供如何在实际中应用
the machine vision components and machine vision 的典型案例的书是非常必要的。
algorithms, and that gives non-trivial practical ex-
amples of how they can be used in real applications,
is highly overdue.
The applications we present in this book are 本书中的应用基于德国MVTec
based on the machine vision software HALCON(D, Software GmbH会司研发的HALCON
developed by MVTec Software GmbH. To enable you 软件。为了能使读者更好地掌握书中
to get a hands-on experience with the machine vi- 所讲机器视觉算法及应用,书中含有
sion algorithms and applications that we discuss, this 免费下载学生版HALCON软件及应
book contains a registration code that enables you to 用案例的注册码。更多详细信息请访
——————————————————————————————————————————————
①免费下载学4~HALCONR+中应用%fisJ,请访问www.machin e-vision-book.cn aEwww.machine-vision-book. com
注册码为:
YLKO-YSBY-JQJK-LWNR
YLKO_YSBY-JQJK-LWNR
download, free of charge,a student version of HAL- 问www. machine-vision-boook. com。
CON as well as all the applications we discuss. For
details, please visit www. machine-vision-book. com.
While the focus of this book is on machine vision 本书虽然重点讨论机器视觉,但
applications, we would like to emphasize that the 是书中所讲述的原理同样可以用于如
principles we will present can also be used in other 照相测量、医学图像处理等其他应用
application fields, e.g., photogrammetry or medical 领域。
image processing.
We have tried to make this book accessible to 本书既适合于学生阅读,同时也
students as well as practitioners (OEMs, system inte- 适合于OEM广商、系统集成商及最
grators, and end-users) of machine wsion. The text 终用户这样的机器视觉从业者。本书
requires only very little mathematical background. 仅要求读者稍有数学知识背景,对于
We assume that the reader has a basic knowledge of线性代数和微积分有所了解,特别是
linear algebra (in particular, linear transformations 了解以矩阵表示的矢量空间线性变换
between vector spaces expressed in matrix algebra) 和一维、二维函数和、差分及积分。
and calculus (in particular, sums and differentiation
and integration of one- and two-dimensional func-
tions).
This book is based on a lecture and lab course 本书主要基于Carsten Steger先生
entitled "Machine vision algorithms" that Carsten 白1999年以来每年为慕尼黑科技大学
Steger has held annually since 1999 at the De- 信息系所作的题为“机器视觉算法”的
partment of Informatics of Technische Universitat 讲座及实验课程。部分材料来源于自
Munchen. Parts of the material have also been used 2005年起每年在慕尼黑科技大学测绘
by Markus Ulrich in a lecture entitled "Close-range 研究所Markus Ulrich先生所作的题
photogrammetry" held annually since 2005 at the In- 为“近距离照相测量”的讲座。这些讲
stitute of Photogrammetry and Cartography of Tech- 座的听众既有来自计算机科学、照相
nische Universitat Munchen. These lectures typi- 测量、机械工程,也有物理、数学等学
cally draw an audience from various disciplines, e.g., 科,兖分体现了机器视觉的多学科交
computer science, photogrammetry, mechanical en- 叉的本质。
gineering, mathematics, and physics, which serves
to emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of machine
vision.
We would like to express our gratitude to several 在此我们要感谢Wolfgang Eck-
of our colleagues who have helped us in the writing of stein, Juan Pablo de la Cruz Gutierrez
this book. Wolfgang Eckstein, Juan Pablo de la Cruz 及Jens Heyder设计或撰写了第4章部
Gutierrez, and Jens Heyder designed or wrote sev- 分应用案例。感谢Gerhard Blahusch,
eral of the application examples in Chapter 4.Many Alexa Zierl及Christoph Zierl校对原
thanks also go to Gerhard Blahusch, Alexa Zierl, and 藕。最后我们衷心感谢Wiley-VCH出
Christoph Zierl for proofreading the manuscript. Fi- 版社的Andreas Tho[3和Ulrike Werner,
nally, we would like to express our gratitude to An- 是他们使我们在HALOCN 8.0研制
dreas Tho[3 and Ulrike Werner of Wilev-VCH for hav- 过程中有信心完成本书。
ing the confidence that we would be able to write this
book during the time HALCON 8.0 was completed.
We invite you to send us suggestions ori how to 欢迎大家就如何完善本书提出宝
improve this book. 贵意见。
You can reach us at 我们的联系方式
authors@machine-vision-book. com. authors@machine-vision-bo ok. com
Munchen, May 2007 Carsten Steger,Markus Ulrich, Christia-n Wiedeman.n