Part One
The Ancient World
(3000 B.C.每500 A.D.)
Chapter 1 Civilization in Mesopotamia.................2
1. The Earliest Cities and Empires......................................................2
2. Society, Culture, and Religion in Mesopotamia.............................3
3. The Hebrews and Their Religion.................................................4
4. The Phoenicians...............................................................6
Chapter 2 The Civilization of the Greeks.............9
1. Early Greece: Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Civilization...........9
2. The Archaic Age of Greek City-States (c. 750 B.C.每c. 500 B.C.).....10
3. Classical Greece (500 B.C.每338 B.C.)..............................13
4. Culture in Classical Greece..............................................14
Chapter 3 The Hellenistic World........................27
1. Conquest of Alexander.....................................................27
2. Life in Hellenistic World..................................................27
3. Religion and Philosophy...................................................29
4. Science in Alexandria....................................................30
Chapter 4 The Rise and Fall of Rome................33
1. Roman Republic...............................................................33
2. Roman Empire...........................................................35
3. The Fall of Roman Empire................................................37
4. Literature and Historiography..........................................40
5. Science and Medicine......................................................42
6. The Rise and Development of Christianity...................................43
Part Two
Medieval Civilization
500每1300
Chapter 5 The Germanic Kingdoms...................51
1. The Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy..........................................51
2. The Visigothic Kingdom in Spain..........................................51
3. The Vandals* Kingdom in Carthage..............................................52
4. The Frankish Kingdom.........................................................52
5. Anglo-Saxon England.......................................................53
Chapter 6 The Byzantine Empire......................55
1. The Reign of Justinian (527每565)........................................55
2. From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire.................................55
3. Byzantine Culture....................................................56
Chapter 7 The Rise and Expansion of Islam.......59
1. Mohammed.............................................................59
2. Arabic Conquests and the Caliphate.........................................60
3. The Faith of Islam.....................................................60
4. The Culture of Islam......................................................61
Chapter 8 Remaking of Europe.........................66
1. The World of the Carolingians...........................................66
2. The Rise of Western Europe...............................................68
3. Central and Eastern Europe of the Slavs......................................70
Chapter 9 Feudal Europe...................................73
1. Feudalism.................................................................73
2. Growth of Feudal States..............................................76
Chapter 10 The Medieval Church.......................82
1. Christian Doctrine............................................................82
2. Gregory the Great.............................................................83
3. Early Church Fathers......................................................84
4. Monastic Reform Movements............................................86
5. Investiture Struggle...................................................87
6. The Crusades..................................................................89
Chapter 11 Medieval Culture..............................94
1. The Rise of Universities.................................................94
2. Thirteenth-Century Learning..........................................95
3. Christian Architecture.................................................97
Part Three
Early Modern Europe
1300每1650
Chapter 12 An Age of Discovery and Expansion....107
1. Portugal and the African Route............................................108
2. Spain and the Atlantic Route.............................................109
3. The Spanish Administration in the New World......................... 111
4. Impact of Expansion.................................................... 113
Chapter 13 The Renaissance............................116
1. Renaissance Italy........................................................ 116
2. The Hundred Years* War.................................................... 118
3. New Monarchies.............................................................. 118
4. Humanism........................................................122
5. Renaissance Art........................................................126
Chapter 14 The Reformation............................133
1. Decay of the Church......................................................133
2. The Awakening Reform Spirit........................................134
3. Political and Social Influence...........................................135
4. The Revolt of Luther: ※Justification by Faith§..........................136
5. Calvin and the Elect: ※Predestination§.............................138
6. Henry p and the Church of England......................................139
7. The Roman Catholic Response..........................................141
Chapter 15 Politics and Religious Wars............146
1. The French Wars of Religion (1562每1598)..................................146
2. Philip j*s Spain and the Revolt of the Netherlands..................147
3. The England of Elizabeth.................................................148
4. Thirty Years* War (1618每1648)........................................150
Chapter 16 Two Systems of State: Absolutism and Constitutional Monarchy.........154
1. Theory of Absolutism......................................................155
2. Absolutism in France: Louis rl....................................... 156
3. Absolutism in Germany: Prussia and Austria............................158
4. Emergence of Russia.........................................................159
5. England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy........160
Chapter 17 The Beginning of Modern Capitalism.......................165
1. New Forms of Business Organization.........................................166
2. The Rise of Modern Banking.............................................167
3. Mercantilism and Overseas Colonies..........................................168
Part Four
The Rise of the Modern West
1600每1850
Chapter 18 Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science.......175
1. Revolution in Astronomy: Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,and Newton............175
2. Advances in Medicine....................................................179
3. Scientific Societies and Organizations...........................180
Chapter 19 Emancipation of Philosophy:Empiricism and Skepticism......185
1. Michel Eyquem de Montaigne: Skepticism and Religious Tolerance................185
2. Francis Bacon: New Approach to Knowledge............................186
3. Ren谷 Descartes.......................................................188
4. John Locke: Tabula Rasa........................................188
5. David Hume: An Outright Skeptic............................................189
Chapter 20 The Intellectual Enlightenment.....194
1. The Growth of Doubt.......................................................195
2. Vision of Progress.....................................................200
3. Culture...................................................................202
Chapter 21 The Secularization of Political Theory: Social Contract....207
1. Thomas Hobbes............................................................208
2. Samuel Pufendorf.........................................................209
3. John Locke...............................................................209
4. Baruch Spinoza...........................................................209
5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau................................................... 211
Chapter 22 New Developments in Law and Legal Philosophy.........214
1. The Doctrine of Natural Law..............................................214
2. The Rise of International Law..........................................215
3. Other Legal Philosophies.....................................................217
Chapter 23 An Era of Revolution.....................221
1. American Revolution.......................................................221
2. French Revolution..........................................................223
Chapter 24 Industrial Revolution....................231
1. The Mechanization of Industry and Transportation.................231
2. The Industrial Factory...................................................232
3. Spread of Industrial Revolution.....................................233
Chapter 25 Utilitarianism and Positivism........235
1. Jeremy Bentham..............................................................235
2. John Stuart Mill............................................................237
3. Auguste Comte...........................................................240
Appendix: Recommended Readings...................245