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Chapter 1Introduction to Control Systems
1.1Historical Review of Automatic Control Theory
1.2Modern Control Theory versus Conventional Control Theory
1.2.1Modern control theory
1.2.2Modern control theory versus conventional control theory
1.2.3Definitions
1.3Design of Control Systems
1.4Future Evolution of Control Systems
1.5Outline of this Book
Chapter 2Modeling In State Space
2.1State Variable and State Space Expression
2.1.1Some basic concept and definitions
2.1.2State space expression
2.1.3Relationship between transfer functions (or transfer matrix)
and stateª²space equations
2.2State Space Representation of Linear Dynamic System
2.2.1State space representation of differential equation
2.2.2From transfer function to state space representation
2.3From Block Diagram to State Space Representation
2.4Linear Transform of State Space Expression
2.4.1Nonsingular linear transform (or similarity transformation)
2.4.2Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an n¡Án matrix A
2.4.3Stateª²space representation in canonical forms
2.5State Space Representations of Discrete Systems
2.5.1Stateª²space representation of nthª²order systems of linear
difference equations in which the forcing function does not
involve difference terms
2.5.2State space representation of nthª²order systems of linear
difference equations in which the forcing function involves
difference terms
2.6Transformation of System Models with MATLAB
2.6.1Transformation from transfer function to state space
formulation
2.6.2Transformation from state space to transfer function
Exercises
Chapter 3Dynamic Analysis of Control System in State Space
3.1Solving the Timeª²invariant Homogeneous State Equation
3.1.1General solution of the scalar differential equation
3.1.2General solution of the vectorª²matrix differential equation
3.1.3Stateª²transition matrix
3.2Properties of Stateª²transition Matrice
3.3Calculation of Matrix Exponential Function
3.3.1Direct calculation approach
3.3.2Laplace transform approach
3.3.3Linear transform approach
3.3.4Cayleyª²Hamilton Theorem
3.4Solution of Nonhomogeneous State Equations
3.4.1Direct method (or integral method)
3.4.2Laplace Transform Approach
3.5Solution of Discrete Nonhomogeneous State Equations
3.5.1Discretization of linear timeª²invariant dynamic equation
3.5.2Approximation
3.5.3Recursive algorithms of the discrete state equation
3.5.4Z transform approach to the solution of the discrete state
equation
3.6Computation of Control System Response with MATLAB
3.6.1Response to initial condition
3.6.2Obtaining the response to an initial condition by use of the
command initial
Exercises
Chapter 4Controllability and Observability
4.1Controllability of Linear Timeª²invariant Continuous System
4.1.1Definition of controllability
4.1.2Complete controllability criteria of continuousª²time systems
4.1.3Complete output controllability of continuousª²time systems
4.2Observability of Linear Timeª²invariant Continuous System
4.2.1Definition of observability
4.2.2Complete observability criteria of continuousª²time systems
4.3Controllable Canonical Form and Observable Canonical Form
4.3.1Controllable canonical form of the single input system
4.3.2Observable canonical form of the single output system
4.4Principle of Duality
4.4.1Dual system
4.4.2Principle of duality
4.5Controllability and Observability of Discrete Timeª²Invariant System
4.5.1Controllability of discrete system
4.5.2Observability of discrete system
4.5.3Controllability and Observability of Discretized Systems
4.6Structure Decomposition of Linear Timeª²invariant Continuous System
4.6.1Structure decomposition according to controllability
4.6.2Structure decomposition according to observability
4.6.3Structure decomposition according to both controllability and
observability
4.7Computation of Controllability and Observability Matrice with
MATLAB
Exercises
Chapter 5Lyapunov Stability Analysis
5.1Stability of Lyapunov Significance
5.1.1Equilibrium state
5.1.2Stability in the sense of Lyapunov
5.1.3Asymptotic stability in a whole
5.1.4Unstability
5.2Definiteness of Scalar Function and Sylvester Theorem
5.2.1Positive definite and semidefinite functions
5.2.2Negative definite and semidefinite functions
5.2.3Indefinite functions
5.2.4Quadratic function
5.2.5Sylvester theorem
5.3Main Theorems of Lyapunov¬ðs Second Method
5.3.1Lyapunov stability for timeª²varying system
5.3.2Lyapunov stability for timeª²invariant system
5.3.3Lyapunov stability for timeª²varying or timeª²invariant system
5.3.4Instability for timeª²varying or timeª²invariant system
5.4Stability Criteria for Linear Timeª²Invariant Systems
5.4.1Basic theorem
5.4.2Lyapunov function of linear timeª²invariant continuous systems
5.4.3Lyapunov function of linear timeª²invariant discrete systems
Exercises
Chapter 6Design of Control Systems in State Space
6.1State Feedback and Output Feedback
6.1.1State feedback
6.1.2Output feedback
6.1.3Controllability and observability of state feedback system
6.2Pole Placement
6.2.1Design by state feedback
6.2.2Necessary and sufficient condition for arbitrary pole placement
6.2.3Determination of state feedback matrix K
6.2.4Choosing the locations of desired closedª²loop poles
6.2.5Comments on selecting state feedback gain matrix K
6.3Stabilization Problem of Systems
6.4Solving Pole Placement Problems with MATLAB
6.5State Observers
6.5.1Fullª²order state observer
6.5.2Necessary and sufficient condition for fullª²order state observer
6.5.3Determination of fullª²order state observer gain matrix Ke
6.5.4Comments on selecting state observer gain matrix Ke
6.5.5Intergrated fullª²state feedback and observer
6.5.6Separation property
6.5.7Reference inputs for intergrated fullª²state feedback and observer
6.5.8Reducedª²dimension state observer
6.6Design of State Observers with MATLAB
6.7Optimal Control Design
6.7.1Optimal control design using errorª²squared performance indices
6.7.2Optimal control design using riccati equation
6.8Solving Quadratic Optimal Control Problems with MATLAB
6.9Internal Model Design
6.9.1Internal model design for tracking of a step input
6.9.2Internal model design for tracking of a ramp input
Exercises
References