In combination with the case of “South China Sea Arbitration”, this book comprehensively examines Part XV (focus on the dispute settlement mechanism) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), carefully expounds and reflects on the international law issues that are associated with the articles of Part XV, and discusses other related international judicial or arbitration cases. By transiting from a microcosmic perspective (the case of “South China Sea Arbitration”) to a macroscopic perspective, the author draws up some constructive conclusions not only conform to China’s maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, and also have universal guiding significance.