Brain and language cognition is an emerging interdisciplinary field. Language is the most critical feature that distinguishes humans from other animals. In the process of human evolution, language use is a decisive factor in the increase of brain weight (from 300 grams in ancient times to 1,200-1,400 grams now) and capacity, suggesting a co-evolution between the human brain and language. The book has rich content and represents the forefront of this discipline on an international level.