Remote sensing image segmentation of specific target is a hot research topic and an important direction in remote sensing image processing. Based on the analysis of the key issues of remote sensing image segmentation of specific target, this book introduces two segmentation methods based on target feature based modeling and on deep neural network. Between the two, target feature based modeling method mainly illustrates the principles and implementation methods of active contour model and improved algorithms; and deep neural network method mainly focuses on three typical algorithms, namely, full convolutional neural network, Encoder- Decoder architecture and conditional random fields in deep neural networks. This book is suitable as a reference book for scientific and technical workers, professional and technical personnel, graduate students and senior undergraduate students who are engaged in the research of the methods and applications of remote sensing image segmentation of target.