The book mainly covers the basic concepts of measurement in experiments and the uncertainty analysis of measurement data, while explaining the physical basis and principles of major instruments related to the measurement of various quantities such as temperature, pressure and vacuum, flow and fluid volume, and vibration. Considering the broad scope of measurement technology, eight experimental cases are specifically selected, and supplementary readings are also included. This textbook serves as a fundamental book that is well-connected to practical work and correlates well with the learned physics and mathematics knowledge. In addition, besides introducing the basic theory of measurement, this textbook also introduces the Monte Carlo method in uncertainty analysis, as well as the latest basis for the establishment of fundamental quantities; it presents several practical measurement cases and instrument analysis cases; and provides introductions to relevant computational statements in Matlab and Origin plotting and data analysis software to help readers master useful software tools.